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    <title>World 0.1</title>
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   <id>tag:christianflury.com,2010:/blog//1</id>
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    <updated>2009-01-09T22:56:44Z</updated>
    <subtitle>Christian Flury on Language, Web Development, Information Management, Internationalization, Localization, Translation and anything even remotely related that may or may not pop into his head</subtitle>
    <generator uri="http://www.sixapart.com/movabletype/">Movable Type 3.2</generator>
 
<entry>
    <title>On Gaza</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2009/01/on_gaza.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=55" title="On Gaza" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2009:/blog//1.55</id>
    
    <published>2009-01-09T19:07:50Z</published>
    <updated>2009-01-09T22:56:44Z</updated>
    
    <summary>... if only the world cared as much about Palestinian lives when it cannot be used as a pretext to slam Israel ......</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Free Thought, Free Markets" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>... if only the world cared as much about Palestinian lives when it cannot be used as a pretext to slam Israel ...</p>]]>
        
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Gaza" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Gaza">Gaza</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+Israel" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" Israel"> Israel</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+Palestinians" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" Palestinians"> Palestinians</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Don Giovanni and Quatuor pour la Fin du Temps in Salzburg</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2008/07/don_giovanni_and_quatuor_pour.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=46" title="Don Giovanni and Quatuor pour la Fin du Temps in Salzburg" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2008:/blog//1.46</id>
    
    <published>2008-07-29T22:30:48Z</published>
    <updated>2008-07-29T23:16:21Z</updated>
    
    <summary>When I read the first reviews on this year&apos;s Don Giovanni - after having been to the public final rehearsal (&quot;Öffentliche Generalprobe&quot;) last Friday - I thought I had been to a different performance. The first review that more or less reflected my impression was the one in Die Presse....</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Loose Talk" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>When I read the first reviews on this year's Don Giovanni - after having been to the public final rehearsal ("Öffentliche Generalprobe") last Friday - I thought I had been to a different performance. The first review that more or less reflected my impression was the one in <a href="http://diepresse.com/home/kultur/klassik/401780/index.do" title="Die Presse">Die Presse</a>.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<p>I did not get all the subtleties of the staging because, having lost my contact lenses, I was sat on the second tier. This was possibly a good thing: I could not see all the drug use and the re-interpretation of the plot; however, I have to say that from my myopic perspective setting the entire piece in a forest was quite fitting even though the idea did not hold through to the end. I was surprised to find that Sinkovicz (the Presse's music critic) was the first one to note the exquisite performance of the woodwinds. Admittedly, De Billy's interpretation and tempi might have been on the light-hearted side, but I did not find it dull - as many critics did -, especially in the prelude which had some genuine Mozartian "drive" - something that tends to get lost in all too earnest interpretations. As to the singers, I did not expect Annette Dasch to get such reserved reviews - she may have had a bad day; on Friday she was great - whereas Zerlina (Ekaterina Siurina) must have been better at the Première than on Friday when I was a bit irritated by here lagging behind at several points and her proneness to blurring ornaments. As to the others, I concur with the (mostly positive) reviews.</p>

<p>One more word on the staging: While I get extremely angry when I feel that a director lacks the necessary respect for a masterpiece, putting himself on stage rather than the piece in question, I do not believe that this was the case here. It was a genuine and honest new approach to this opera - whether it worked out is another question; in my opinion, it did in the first part.</p>

<p>Nevertheless, this week-end's real highlight was the first edition of "Schubert Szenen" with an exquisite performance of Olivier Messiaen's Quatuor pour la fin du temps by Carolin Widmann, Nicolas Altstaedt, Jörg Widmann and Alexander Lonquic. They refrained from over-interpretation letting the music speak for itself as humble servants of this great master, making for a great conclusion to my Salzburg week-end.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Salzburg" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Salzburg+Festival" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Salzburger+Festspiele" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Salzburger Festspiele">Salzburger Festspiele</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/2008" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="2008">2008</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Mozart" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Mozart">Mozart</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Messiaen" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Messiaen">Messiaen</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Don+Giovanni" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Quatuor+pour+la+fin+du+temps" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Quatuor pour la fin du temps">Quatuor pour la fin du temps</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Ethik und die olympischen Spiele in China (German)</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2008/04/ethik_und_die_olympischen_spie.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=42" title="Ethik und die olympischen Spiele in China (German)" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2008:/blog//1.42</id>
    
    <published>2008-04-18T20:34:37Z</published>
    <updated>2008-07-13T22:04:00Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Olympische Sponsoren wie Coca-Cola, Kodak, McDonald&apos;s, Omega, Panasonic, Samsung or Visa lassen es sich viel kosten, die Selbstdarstellung des mörderischen chinesischen Regimes zu sponsern. Kein Wunder, China ist ein interessanter Markt. Doch ein noch viel interessanterer Markt sind wir, die freie Welt! Boykott ist ein starkes, agitatorisches Wort, doch wir sollten uns klar sein: Mit jeder kleinen Kaufentscheidung im Alltag können wir etwas dazu tun, etwas weniger Blut von den Opfern des chinesischen Kommunismus an unseren Händen zu tragen.
Es geht hier - wohlgemerkt! - nicht um einen generellen Boykott Chinas. Doch die Olympischen Spiele sind eine unerträgliche Selbstdarstellung eines üblen Regimes; wer dies sponsert, hat keine Entschuldigung.
Ich trinke gerne Mineralwasser, doch wenn mir heute im Restaurant Römerquelle oder Valser (beides im Besitz von Coca-Cola) angeboten wird, so schicke ich es freundlich zurück, erkläre, dass ich ungern durch meine Konsumation Unterdrückung und Folter unterstütze, und nehme lieber Leitungswasser. Ich habe mir überlegt, zusätzlich zu meiner MasterCard auch eine Visa zu nehmen - aber im Gedenken an die Opfer des Massakers am Platz des himmlischen Friedens bleibe ich doch lieber bei MasterCard. Warum nicht mal Pepsi oder das neue Cola von Red Bull ausprobieren, anstatt mit dem Kauf von Coca-Cola das Andenken der Millionen Opfern Maos zu schänden? Und warum nicht einmal anstatt dem Hinunterschlingen eines Burgers von McDonald&apos;s im hervorragenden Restaurant der engagierten Exiltibeterin Tseten Zöchbauer essen? Das werden einem nicht nur die geknechteten Tibeter, sondern auch die Geschmacksnerven danken, wie ich aus guter Erfahrung sagen kann!
</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Free Thought, Free Markets" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p><i>English Summary: While for a long time, because of my hostility to the Chinese regime along with my free-market ideals, I have often been branded a "cold warrior" or die-hard capitalist, mainstream opinion has again grown more sceptical of China as, in the build-up to the Olympic Games, its oppression of the Tibetan people has returned to the limelight. In this article, I explain how I believe globalization and free markets enable the average consumer to exert a great deal of pressure directly on the regime. Olympic Sponsors such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's or Omega that pay a fortune in order to be associated with a murderous regime that still venerates Mao, a tyrant responsible for the deaths of far more people than Hitler and Stalin combined, should get what they paid for: the utter disgust and condemnation of the free world. Come on, people, there's Pepsi, Red Bull, there's Burger King, there are dozens of quality watch makers. There are other consumer electronics makers than Samsung or Panasonic and other credit cards than Visa. There is really no reason - and no excuse - for us Western consumers if we were to chose to become accomplices to mass murder, oppression, torture and numerous other human rights abuses by buying the products of any sponsor of the Olympic Games.</i></p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<p>Lange genug wurde ich in privaten Diskussionen aufgrund meiner radikal ablehnenden Haltung der Volksrepublik China gegenüber gerne als rechtsliberaler, ewiggestriger kalter Krieger dargestellt. Es wurde mir entgegengehalten, den Menschen in China gehe es materiell relativ gut, China sei ein wichtiger Faktor in einer "multipolaren" Welt, und auch wenn es sich um eine Diktatur handle, so doch zumindest um eine relativ weise geführte Diktatur. Zudem müsste ich mich doch gerade als Liberaler über die schrittweise Liberalisierung und Marktöffnung freuen. Doch meiner Meinung nach ist ein freier Markt ohne Rechtssicherheit, Meinungsfreiheit und Religionsfreiheit - ohne eine offene Gesellschaft - ebenso illusionär wie nachhaltige politische Freiheit und Achtung der Menschenrechte ohne freie Märkte. Wer wie China in eng eingegrenzten Bereichen freie Märkte schafft, aber zugleich das intellektuelle Fundament der freien Marktwirtschaft - die Mündigkeit des Einzelnen - negiert, bringt sich in einen unauflösbaren Widerspruch, der keine nachhaltige Entwicklung zulässt.</p>

<p><img alt="Was das Olympische Komitee und seine Sponsoren unterstützen" title="Was das Olympische Komitee und seine Sponsoren unterstützen" src="/images/blog/beijing_small.jpg" style="float:left;margin:10px 20px 10px 0px;" />Dass China Andersdenkende einsperrt, foltert und tötet, dass es Minderheiten systematisch unterdrückt und das eigene Volk gegen diese aufwiegelt, dass es weltweit allenthalben menschenverachtende Regimes unterstützt und schützt, dass es seinen demokratischen Nachbarn Taiwan und Japan äußerst feindselig gegenübertritt, dass es in Tibet eine wunderbare, jahrhundertealte Kultur systematisch vernichtet und insbesondere dass es nach wie vor mit Mao einen Tyrannen verehrt, der mehr Menschenleben auf dem Gewissen hat als Hitler und Stalin zusammen - all dies schien plötzlich vergessen, als China ein interessanter Markt wurde. Nun sind mit den Olympischen Spielen und den Unruhen im okkupierten Tibet diese Verbrechen in den internationalen Medien erneut in den Mittelpunkt gerückt - und doch wird meiner Meinung nach noch immer viel zu nachsichtig mit dem chinesischen Regime und seiner willigen Dirne, dem Olympischen Komitee, umgesprungen.</p>

<h4>Nichts rechtfertigt die Entscheidung für Peking</h4>

<p>Die Olympische Idee ist tot. Für wie dumm muss uns ein Verein halten, der uns weismacht, die Spiele müssten "unpolitisch" bleiben und sie zugleich in einem totalitären Staat wie China organisiert, in dem per definitionem alles politisch ist, da der Staat alles für sich vereinnahmt und allgegenwärtig ist? Die Eltern der Opfer des Massakers am Platz des Himmlischen Friedens, das China nach wie vor als gerechtfertigt bezeichnet, freuen sich jedenfalls gewiss, dass sich das IOC aus gänzlich unpolitischen Gründen bei den Schlächter ihrer Kinder anbiedert. Dann ist ja alles in Ordnung.</p>

<p>Und die angeblichen Präzedenzfälle? Berlin 1936? Hier fiel die Entscheidung über den Austragungsort noch lange vor der Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten, und die Spiele fanden statt, bevor Hitler zum offenen Massenmord übergegangen war. Bei der Entscheidung für Peking waren hingegen sämtliche Verbrechen des Regimes schon lange bekannt.</p>

<h4>Die ethische Frage: Wie kann man als Einzelner etwas gegen seine Mitschuld an den chinesischen Verbrechen tun?</h4>

<p>Ich bin überzeugt, dass jeder Mensch an allem Unrecht auf der Welt mitschuld ist. Das ist leider das Dilemma des menschlichen Lebens - wir sind ab unserem Eintritt ins Leben schuldig, weil es so viel Unrecht gibt, gegen das man etwas tun könnte. Daher stellt sich dem aufgeklärten Bürger die Frage: Wie kann er seine Mitschuld am Unrecht zumindest verringern und, so gesehen, im Alltag ethisch handeln?</p>
<p>Es ist wichtig, die berechtigte Abscheu vor dem Staat China nicht auf die Menschen in China zu übertragen &ndash; es gibt in China großartige Musiker, intelligente Wissenschafter und schlicht und einfach nette Leute - nicht anders als in Nazideutschland. Ich halte es für falsch, ein Regime über den Umweg über seine Untertanen zu treffen zu versuchen.</p>
<p>Doch - der Globalisierung sei Dank - hat der einzelne die Möglichkeit sich als mündiger Bürger und insbesondere als verantwortungsbewusster Verbraucher zu verhalten und so doch recht direkt auf die Politik einzuwirken, und dies vermutlich sogar wirksamer als durch direkte politische Betätigung.</p>
<p>Olympische Sponsoren wie <a href="http://en.beijing2008.cn/90/53/column211995390.shtml">Coca-Cola, Kodak, McDonald's, Omega, Panasonic, Samsung or Visa</a> lassen es sich viel kosten, die Selbstdarstellung des mörderischen chinesischen Regimes zu sponsern. Kein Wunder, China ist ein interessanter Markt. Doch ein noch viel interessanterer Markt sind wir, die freie Welt! Boykott ist ein starkes, agitatorisches Wort, doch wir sollten uns klar sein: Mit jeder kleinen Kaufentscheidung im Alltag können wir etwas dazu tun, etwas weniger Blut von den Opfern des chinesischen Kommunismus an unseren Händen zu tragen.</p>
<p>Es geht hier - wohlgemerkt! - nicht um einen generellen Boykott Chinas. Doch die Olympischen Spiele sind eine unerträgliche Selbstdarstellung eines üblen Regimes; es geht hier mitnichten um die chinesische Bevölkerung; wer dies sponsert, hat keine Entschuldigung.</p>
<p>Ich trinke gerne Mineralwasser, doch wenn mir heute im Restaurant Römerquelle oder Valser (beides im Besitz von Coca-Cola) angeboten wird, so schicke ich es freundlich zurück, erkläre, dass ich ungern durch meine Konsumation Unterdrückung und Folter unterstütze, und nehme lieber Leitungswasser. Ich habe mir überlegt, zusätzlich zu meiner MasterCard auch eine Visa zu nehmen - aber im Gedenken an die Opfer des Massakers am Platz des himmlischen Friedens bleibe ich doch lieber bei MasterCard. Warum nicht mal Pepsi oder das neue Cola von Red Bull ausprobieren, anstatt mit dem Kauf von Coca-Cola das Andenken der Millionen Opfern Maos zu schänden? Und warum nicht einmal anstatt dem Hinunterschlingen eines Burgers von McDonald's im hervorragenden Restaurant der engagierten Exiltibeterin <a href="http://www.tibet-kultur-restaurant.at/">Tseten Zöchbauer</a> essen? Das werden einem nicht nur die geknechteten Tibeter, sondern auch die Geschmacksnerven danken, wie ich aus guter Erfahrung sagen kann!</p>
<p>Zum Pepsi statt zum Coca-Cola zu greifen, die Mastercard statt der Visa hervorzuziehen, sich bei Burger King statt bei McDonald's vollzustopfen &ndash; ist dies zuviel verlangt, wenn es um Menschenrechte geht?</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Olympische+Spiele" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Olympische Spiele">Olympische Spiele</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Olympische" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Olympische">Olympische</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Spiele" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Spiele">Spiele</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Olympics" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Olympics">Olympics</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Olympic+Games" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/IOC" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="IOC">IOC</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Olympisches+Komitee" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Olympisches Komitee">Olympisches Komitee</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Tibet" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/China" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="China">China</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Peking" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Peking">Peking</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Beijing" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Coca+Cola" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/McDonald+s" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Omega" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Omega">Omega</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Visa" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Visa">Visa</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Ethik" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Ethik">Ethik</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Theaterempfehlung: No Way To Die (German)</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2008/02/theaterempfehlung_no_way_to_di.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=41" title="Theaterempfehlung: No Way To Die (German)" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2008:/blog//1.41</id>
    
    <published>2008-02-13T23:05:36Z</published>
    <updated>2008-02-13T23:32:11Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Hier eine Empfehlung für eine Musiktheaterproduktion meiner Schwester, die meiner Meinung nach einfach phantastisch gut ist:

http://www.myspace.com/noway2die

Die Première findet am 26. Februar 08 an der Neuen Tribüne Wien - weitere Termine sind 28.2., 29.2., 1.3., 2.3., 3.3., 6.3., 7.3. und 8.3.08, Karten unter 0664/23 44 256. </summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Thoughts on Music" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>Hier eine Empfehlung für eine Musiktheaterproduktion meiner Schwester, die meiner Meinung nach einfach phantastisch gut ist:</p>

<p><a href="http://www.myspace.com/noway2die">http://www.myspace.com/noway2die</a></p>

<p>Die Première findet am 26. Februar 08 an der Neuen Tribüne Wien - weitere Termine sind 28.2., 29.2., 1.3., 2.3., 3.3., 6.3., 7.3. und 8.3.08, Karten unter 0664/23 44 256. </p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<h3>no way to die</h3>
<p>Musiktheater nach Igor Bauersimas "norway.today"</p>
<img src="/images/blog/nowaytodie.jpg" alt="no way to die: Ankündigung" />
<blockquote>
„Wir sind am Rande des Abgrundes. Da ist der Abgrund. Da ist das Hinterland, da wohnen kleine Menschen und machen sich Gedanken. Da ist die Mitte."
</blockquote>
<p>Zwei junge Selbstmörder am Rande des Abgrundes.</p>

<p>Es beginnt eine wahnwitzige Gratwanderung zwischen Leben und Tod, Protest und Resignation, zwischen Emotionalität und Nihilismus, Radikalität und Beiläufigkeit. Ein Abschiedsvideo, clipartig auf der Klippe gefilmt. Sein oder Nichtsein auf Zelluloid gebannt, und die Suche nach der letzten Wahrheit unserer Zivilisation. </p>

<p>Oder wie Freddy Mercury schon sang: „Who wants to live forever?"</p>

<p>Musik von Monteverdi bis Oasis, von Björk bis Johann Sebastian Bach; </p>

<p>Text von Igor Bauersima</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Ir++na+Flury" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Iréna Flury">Iréna Flury</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Irena+Flury" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Irena Flury">Irena Flury</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Jan+Hutter" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Jan Hutter">Jan Hutter</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Igor+Bauersima" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Igor Bauersima">Igor Bauersima</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Theatre" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Theatre">Theatre</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Theater" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Theater">Theater</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Musiktheater" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Musiktheater">Musiktheater</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Flury" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Flury">Flury</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Hutter" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Hutter">Hutter</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/theatre" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="theatre">theatre</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Monteverdi" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Monteverdi">Monteverdi</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Bach" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Bach">Bach</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Oasis" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Oasis">Oasis</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Bj++rk" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Björk">Björk</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Wien" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Wien">Wien</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Kultur" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Kultur">Kultur</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Vienna" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Happy new year!</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/12/happy_new_year.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=40" title="Happy new year!" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.40</id>
    
    <published>2007-12-31T15:51:45Z</published>
    <updated>2007-12-31T16:09:08Z</updated>
    
    <summary>After a long silence (don&apos;t worry, I have got plenty of half-written entries in my drafts folder and will try and catch up some time), I thought I might at least thank everybody for their Christmas wishes and wish you all a happy new year....</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Loose Talk" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>After a long silence (don't worry, I have got plenty of half-written entries in my drafts folder and will try and catch up some time), I thought I might at least thank everybody for their Christmas wishes and wish you all a happy new year.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<p>I went skiing in Switzerland with my family over Christmas, attended a family reunion in my mother's home town Thun and also got the opportunity to meet up with some friends - it was great, but prevented me from replying to all the nice Christmas wishes I got. Also, on the 2nd of January, I am going to start a new (part-time) job as a web developer while continuing to do freelance translations for selected clients. I am quite excited finally to make my hobby my job and am looking forward to work with all the nice people at <a href="http://www.zsi.at" title="ZSI">ZSI</a> that I've already had the opportunity to get acquainted with at the ZSI Christmas party which was sort of my first day at work.</p>

<p>I hope that my readers, too, will get a lot of opportunities to broaden their horizon and learn new things in 2008! Best of luck!</p>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The War In Iraq: Looking Back At What I Wrote In 2003 (re-run, in German)</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/03/the_war_in_iraq_looking_ba.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=32" title="The War In Iraq: Looking Back At What I Wrote In 2003 (re-run, in German)" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.32</id>
    
    <published>2007-03-22T21:49:59Z</published>
    <updated>2007-03-23T06:46:32Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Another re-run: This time I am re-publishing an incredibly long, horribly poetic and somehow pretentious, but still, I think, intelligent article that I wrote back in 2003 just during the first few days of the American invasion in Iraq. I criticized both Old Europe and the US – Old Europe for not acknowledging that their position (doing business with Saddam...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Free Thought, Free Markets" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p><i>Another <a href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/03/rerun_time.html">re-run</a>: This time I am re-publishing an incredibly long, horribly poetic and somehow pretentious, but still, I think, intelligent article that I wrote back in 2003 just during the first few days of the American invasion in Iraq. I criticized both Old Europe and the US – Old Europe for not acknowledging that their position (doing business with Saddam whilst letting the Iraqi civilian population starve to death under the UN sanctions) was in no way ethically superior to that of the United States; the Bush administration for their illusion that in a country as diverse and complex as Iraq most problems would just disappear by themselves once they got rid of Saddam Hussein. In hindisght, I have got to say that I was not that far off the mark with my apprehensions.</i></p>
<p><i>That being said, the best part is still the Swiss-German song by Mani Matter that I quote at the beginning...</i></p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<h3>Irakkrieg - vom Fluch der Hybris</h3>

<p>M&auml;rz 2003</p>

<p style="font-style:italic; font-size:80%">I han es Z&uuml;ndh&ouml;lzli aaz&uuml;ndt, und das het e Flamme gg&auml;&auml;,<br />
und i ha f&uuml;r d Sigarette w&ouml;lle F&uuml;&uuml;r vom H&ouml;lzli n&auml;&auml;,<br />

aber ds H&ouml;lzli isch drvoo gschpickt und uf e Teppich choo,<br />

und es h&auml;tt no fasch es Loch im Teppich gg&auml;&auml; drvoo.</p>

<p style="font-style:italic; font-size:80%;">Ja, m&auml; weis, was cha passiere, we m&auml; nid ufpasst mit F&uuml;&uuml;r,<br />

und f&uuml;r d Gluet ar Sigarette isch e Teppich doch de z t&uuml;&uuml;r,<br />

und vom Teppich h&auml;tt, o Gruus, ch&ouml;nne ds F&uuml;&uuml;r i ds ganze Huus,<br />

und w&auml;r weis, was da nid alles no w&auml;r woorde druus.</p>

<p style="font-style:italic; font-size:80%;">'s h&auml;tt e Brand gg&auml;&auml; im Quartier, und 's h&auml;tti d F&uuml;&uuml;rwehr m&uuml;esse choo,<br />

h&auml;tti ghoornet i de Straasse und dr Schluuch vom Wage gnoo,<br />

und si h&auml;tte Wasser gspr&uuml;tzt, und das h&auml;tt de glyych n&uuml;&uuml;t gn&uuml;tzt,<br />

und di ganzi Stadt h&auml;tt bbr&ouml;nnt, es h&auml;tt se n&uuml;tt me gsch&uuml;tzt.</p>

<p style="font-style:italic; font-size:80%; vertical-align:top">U d L&uuml;tt w&auml;ren umegschprungen i dr Angscht um Hab und Guet,<br />

h&auml;tte gmeint, 's heig eine F&uuml;&uuml;r gleit, h&auml;tte ds Sturmgwehr gnoo ir Wuet,<br /> 

alls h&auml;tt bbr&uuml;elet: "W&auml;r isch tschuld?" ds ganze Land i eim Tumult,<br />

das m&auml; gschosse h&auml;tt uf d Bundesr&auml;&auml;t am Reddnerpult.</p>

<p style="font-style:italic; font-size:80%;">D UNO h&auml;tt interveniert, u d UNO-G&auml;gner sofort oo,<br />

f&uuml;r ir Schwyz dr Fride z rette, w&auml;re beid mit Panzer choo,<br />

's h&auml;tt sech usddehnt naadinaa, uf &Ouml;iropa, Afrika,<br />

's h&auml;tt e W&auml;ltchrieg gg&auml;&auml; u d M&ouml;nschheit w&auml;r iz n&uuml;mme daa.</p>

<p style="font-style:italic;font-size:80%;">I han es Z&uuml;ndh&ouml;lzli aaz&uuml;ndt,und das het e Flamme gg&auml;&auml;,<br />

und i ha f&uuml;r d Sigarette w&ouml;lle F&uuml;&uuml;r vom H&ouml;lzli n&auml;&auml;,<br />

aber ds H&ouml;lzli isch drvoo gschpickt und uf e Teppich choo -<br />

Gott sei Dank, dass ii s vom Teppich wider furt ha ggnoo!</p>

<p>Mani Matter, &quot;Ds Z&uuml;ndh&ouml;lzli&quot;</p>

<p>Der amerikanische Pr&auml;sident Bush scheint &uuml;berzeugt, dass er das Z&uuml;ndholz aus dem Lied des legend&auml;ren Berner Troubadours fest und sicher in der Hand halte und die Geister, die er rief, bestens unter Kontrolle habe. Die amerikanische Planung des Irak-Krieges kennt keine oder nur wenige Unsicherheitsfaktoren; man w&auml;hnt sich, so scheint es zumindest, in vollkommener Gewissheit &uuml;ber Verlauf und Folgen des Krieges; Szenarien f&uuml;r unerwartete Wendungen wurden in der &Ouml;ffentlichkeit kaum diskutiert. Solcherart Hybris - und damit meine ich nicht die allenthalben beklagte &Uuml;berheblichkeit Europa, internationalen Organisationen und der Welt&ouml;ffentlichkeit gegen&uuml;ber, sondern, im klassich-griechischen Sinn, den Hochmut gegen&uuml;ber dem eigenen Schicksal und dem Unvorhergesehen - diese Hybris, wie gesagt, muss sich fr&uuml;her oder sp&auml;ter in irgendeiner Form r&auml;chen, dies wei&szlig; der Humanist aus der griechischen Trag&ouml;die und der Christ aus der Bibel.</p>

<p>Trotz dieser meiner Ansicht war ich in den letzten Tagen nicht unter den Friedensdemonstranten zu finden. An Stra&szlig;endemonstrationen habe ich n&auml;mlich grunds&auml;tzlich auszusetzen, dass man dabei fast immer von Kr&auml;ften vereinnahmt wird, mit denen man im Prinzip nichts zu tun haben m&ouml;chte. So w&uuml;rde man etwa als Friedenssymbole Bez&uuml;ge auf Pers&ouml;nlichkeiten wie Mahatma Gandhi oder Martin Luther King erwarten. Stattdessen grellen allenthalben kommunistische Embleme und insbesondere Che-Guevara-Portraits. Auch wenn zu dieser d&auml;mlichen Che-Guevara-Verehrung ohnehin Einiges zu sagen w&auml;re, so will ich dem Leser hier einen diesbez&uuml;glichen Exkurs ersparen und mich auf die Frage beschr&auml;nken, was der Verweis auf die Ikone eines menschenverachtenden Kriegers, der ausdr&uuml;cklich bedauerte, dass es im Laufe der Kubakrise nicht zu einem Nuklearschlag gegen die Vereinigten Staaten gekommen war, im Zusammenhang mit der Irakproblematik eigentlich zu bedeuten habe. Wollen diese Demonstranten der Bush-Administration damit etwa nahelegen, sich nicht mit einem herk&ouml;mmlichen Krieg aufzuhalten und gleich ein paar Atombomben auf den Irak abzuwerfen? - Es geht wohl vielmehr um das Sch&uuml;ren dumpfer antiamerikanischer Ressentiments und die Vereinnahmung der Friedensbewegten f&uuml;r ganz konkrete politische Anliegen. Diese Vereinnahmungsversuche sind auch sehr stark von Gewerkschaftsseite und Teilen der Antiglobalisierungsbewegung zu beobachten. Was soll das? Ich zum Beispiel k&auml;me ja auch nicht auf die Idee, ein Portrait von Adam Smith zu einer Friedensdemonstration mitzunehmen. Wer einig f&uuml;r den Frieden demonstrieren will, soll seine &uuml;brigen politischen &Uuml;berzeugungen zu Hause lassen. Gleichsetzungen Bushs mit Saddam oder gar mit Hitler sind einfach dumm, der verk&uuml;rzende Slogan &quot;Blut f&uuml;r &Ouml;l&quot; auch, bei vielen Demonstranten gewinnt man den Eindruck, sie gingen nicht f&uuml;r die R&uuml;ckbesinnung auf traditionelle amerikanische Werte wie Freiheit und Toleranz auf die Stra&szlig;e, sondern dagegen! Die bisweilen damit einhergehende Verharmlosung des irakischen Schreckensregimes mit den angemessenen Kraftausdr&uuml;cken zu kommentieren, verbietet mir die Zur&uuml;ckhaltung!</p>

<p>Auch die Position des "alten Europa" scheint mir keineswegs von dem hehren Friedenswillen inspiriert zu sein, wie er allenthalben vorgesch&uuml;tzt wird. Vielmehr handelt es sich in meinen Augen um das zur moralischen Haltung erstarrte Prinzip der Unt&auml;tigkeit, was den Leiden des geknechteten irakischen Volkes gegen&uuml;ber kaum minder zynisch ist als die amerikanische Kriegsrhetorik. Dass auch handfeste Interessen im Irak eine Rolle spielen, ist ein offenes Geheimnis. Es ist zudem unertr&auml;glich, wenn st&auml;ndig auf die Gefahr ziviler Opfer verwiesen wird, die unz&auml;hligen Iraker, darunter viele Kinder, welche den grausamen Launen ihres Diktators zum Opfer fallen, sei es direkt durch Repression oder indirekt durch menschenverachtende Verteilung der Finanzressourcen, hingegen keines Wortes gew&uuml;rdigt werden. Dass es Saddam gelungen ist, die Mittel aus dem Programm &quot;Lebensmittel f&uuml;r &Ouml;l&quot; weitgehend zu hinterziehen, dies auch zu Aufr&uuml;stungszwecken, ist bewiesen und ein Skandal. Die Aufrechterhaltung des Status quo unter Fortf&uuml;hrung oder Intensivierung der Inspektionen, wie von Europa gefordert, war daher in meinen Augen in der Tat keine L&ouml;sung. Man kann nicht auf der einen Seite einen offenen Krieg ablehnen, auf der anderen Seite den versteckten, aber langfristig nicht weniger Leid bringenden Krieg, der mit den Wirtschaftssanktionen gef&uuml;hrt wird, mittragen. Dies ist heuchlerisch.</p>

<p>Im Mittelpunkt der Besorgnis sollte eigentlich das irakische Volk stehen, das sich wohl zu einem gro&szlig;en Teil - zu Recht! - von allen Seiten verraten f&uuml;hlt. Der pseudowissenschaftliche Diskurs &uuml;ber die kulturspezifische Dimension von Werten wie Freiheit und Demokratie ist in meine Augen Stumpfsinn. Diese Werte sind universell - sie sind ja auch an vielen verschiedenen Orten unabh&auml;ngig von einander entstanden und sind dem Menschen ungeachtet seines Umfelds ureigen wie Lachen und Weinen. Oder glaubt etwa jemand, die Iraker wollten das so? Sie w&uuml;rden gerne unterdr&uuml;ckt, vergast, gefoltert? Die Frage allein zeigt, glaube ich, schon die Dummheit dieses Werterelativismus auf.</p>

<p>Zwar bin ich grunds&auml;tzlich der &Uuml;berzeugung, dass solche Werte von unten her erk&auml;mpft werden m&uuml;ssen, um sich fest im kollektiven Bewusstsein zu verankern. Doch manchmal erdr&uuml;ckt die allgegenw&auml;rtige Angst den Durst nach Freiheit, und es braucht aus rein pragmatischen Gr&uuml;nden einen &auml;u&szlig;eren Eingriff, um den Demokratisierungsprozess in Gang zu bringen. So l&auml;sst sich auch bez&uuml;glich des Irak argumentieren. Mehr Menschenleben als dem Status quo werden dem Krieg zudem wohl kaum geopfert werden m&uuml;ssen.</p>

<p>Freilich kann man auch f&uuml;r die strikte Einhaltung des Prinzips der Nichteinmischung, ja f&uuml;r eine Splendid Isolation, optieren, dann aber konsequent. Dies k&ouml;nnte etwa angesichts der heutigen Machtverh&auml;ltnisse f&uuml;r die europ&auml;ische Au&szlig;enpolitik ein guter Weg sein. Oder aber man argumentiert mit dem Verweis auf die weitgehende Vernetzung unserer Welt und die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Zust&auml;nden in verschiedenen L&auml;ndern und auch den daraus erwachsenden Gefahren eine ordnende Funktion der gro&szlig;en, prosperienden Staaten, was zu allen Zeiten die von Gro&szlig;m&auml;chten bevorzugte Haltung war. Beide Ans&auml;tze sind in meinen Augen vertretbar, man muss nur eine klare Entscheidung treffen.</p> 

<p>Eine Milit&auml;rintervention w&auml;re also in meinen Augen durchaus zu rechtfertigen. Zwar sollte man in Zukunft auch vermehrt den Einsatz ziviler Mittel (z.B. finanzielle Unterst&uuml;tzung der Opposition) in Erw&auml;gung ziehen. Diesen haftet zwar der Nimbus der Ineffizienz an, doch dabei geht vergessen, dass f&uuml;r milit&auml;rische Operationen auch ein Zehn- und Hundertfaches an Geld investiert wird. Was man mit so gro&szlig;en Mitteln bei der politischen L&ouml;sung von Konflikten erreichen k&ouml;nnte, haben wir bisher leider noch nicht in Erfahrung bringen d&uuml;rfen. Dennoch scheint mir ein milit&auml;rischer Eingriff im Irak beim derzeitigen Stand der Friedensforschung zu verantworten zu sein.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Trotz alledem ist der amerikanische Pr&auml;sident George Walker Bush mit seiner Position unglaubw&uuml;rdig.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Er ist unglaubw&uuml;rdig, weil er wichtige Dinge nicht angesprochen hat:</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie er das Vertrauen des irakischen Volkes gewinnen will, nachdem im ersten Golfkrieg die oppositionellen Verb&auml;nde, die die Amerikaner unterst&uuml;tzen, verraten und der grausamen Repression des Diktators anheimgegeben worden sind.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie er den Kurden erkl&auml;ren will, dass er ihnen ihren legitimen Wunsch nach einem eigenen Staat aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach abschlagen muss.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie er den Prozess des Nation Building gestalten und finanzieren will (bisher sind nur im Vergleich zu den Milit&auml;rausgaben nachgerade l&auml;cherlich anmutende Summen vorgesehen), insbesondere in Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass die USA in diesem Bereich &uuml;ber wenig Kompetenzen verf&uuml;gen und er paradoxerweise zwar f&uuml;r den Krieg eine gro&szlig;e Mehrheit der Amerikaner hinter sich wei&szlig;, f&uuml;r die Finanzierung des Nachkriegsprozesses aber keinesweges, obschon sich die Experten - auch die sch&auml;rfsten Kriegsbef&uuml;rworter - darin einig sind, dass der Miit&auml;rschlag nur dann einen Sinn hat, wenn darauf intensives Nation Building folgt.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie er damit umgeht, dass Saddam Hussein aus strategischen Gr&uuml;nden von den USA im vollen Wissen um seine Grausamkeit aufgebaut worden ist, und wie er verhindern will, dass sein Land in Zukunft aus strategischen Gr&uuml;nden neue Schreckensregimes aufbaut, so geschehen nicht nur im Irak, sondern auch in Afghanistan, frei nach dem Motto: &quot;Er ist zwar ein Hurensohn, aber er ist <i>unser</i> Hurensohn&quot; (Roosevelt &uuml;ber den nicaraguanischen Diktator Somoza). Manche Kommentatoren sehen in der Verteidigungsdoktrin von Herrn Rumsfeld einen Bruch mit dieser Tradition. Doch es w&auml;re sicher f&uuml;r alle Welt leichter, diesen Krieg zu akzeptieren, w&uuml;rde dieser Bruch in aller Deutlichkeit &ouml;ffentlich und unter Eingest&auml;ndnis fr&uuml;herer Fehler vollzogen. In der derzeitigen Situation m&uuml;ssen wir an dessen nachhaltiger G&uuml;ltigkeit n&auml;mlich zweifeln.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie er der Vermutung begegnen will, dass die USA dem Irak eine hohe Kriegsschuld auferlegen d&uuml;rften und so trotz gegenteiliger Beteuerungen indirekt die Kontrolle &uuml;ber dessen Erd&ouml;lressourcen an sich rei&szlig;en k&ouml;nnten, beziehungsweise, inwieweit diese Vermutung begr&uuml;ndet ist und wie das Thema Kriegsschuld generell behandelt werden soll.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, welche Interessen die USA genau mit diesem Krieg verfolgen. Dass geostragetische &Uuml;berlegungen dabei gar keine Rolle spielten, das nimmt ihm ohnehin niemand ab. Es w&auml;re kl&uuml;ger, wenn diese genau definiert w&uuml;rden, um so dar&uuml;ber hinaus gehenden Unterstellungen die Grundlage zu entziehen.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, womit er seine These von der demokratischen Ansteckung untermauern will. Man muss, glaube ich, noch lange kein b&uuml;rokratieversessener Europ&auml;er sein, um sich zumindest eine ernsthafte wissenschaftliche Studie zur St&uuml;tzung dieser Theorie zu w&uuml;nschen.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie er es vor seinen Soldaten verantworten kann, sie erneut in den Irak zu schicken, w&auml;hrend die schlimmen Erkrankungen, die viele von ihnen aus dem ersten Golfkrieg davongetragen haben, nach wie vor einer Erkl&auml;rung harren.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie er eine korrekte Behandlung amerikanischer Kriegsgefangener erwirken will, w&auml;hrend die USA selbst den auf Guant&aacute;namo festgehaltenen Taliban-K&auml;mpfern nicht das gleiche Recht zugestehen.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, was er f&uuml;r Vorschl&auml;ge f&uuml;r eine Reform der UNO hat, wo er diese doch als so ineffizient zu betrachten scheint. Obstruktion und Unterminierung sind langfristig auch aus amerikanischer Sicht keine L&ouml;sung.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, wie sein Volk f&auml;hig sein soll, die von Saddam Hussein ausgehende Gefahr richtig einzusch&auml;tzen, nachdem seine Regierung und die US-Medien es so schlecht informiert haben, dass ein Gro&szlig;teil nicht einmal wei&szlig;, wo der Irak &uuml;berhaupt liegt, und Saddam Hussein und Ousama bin Ladin im &ouml;ffentlichen Bewusstsein schon weitgehend zu einer Figur verschmolzen sind.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, inwiefern die Paranoia, die im amerikanischen Volk herrscht und gesch&uuml;rt wird, das rationale Abw&auml;gen von F&uuml;r und Wider erleichtern soll. Diese Paranoia &auml;u&szlig;ert sich nicht nur in den steigenden Verkaufszahlen bei Waffen, Alarmanlagen und Sicherheitsprodukten aller Art und den vielen Terror-Fehlalarmen, sondern auch im Tonfall vieler kriegsbef&uuml;rwortender und kriegskritischer Kommentare, die uns aus den USA erreichen. Generell gewinnt man den Eindruck, man versuche das Trauma des 11. September nicht zu &uuml;berwinden, sondern vielmehr zu zelebrieren, was keine gute Grundlage f&uuml;r eine m&ouml;glichst emotionsfreie Entscheidungsfindung ist.</p>

<p>Er hat uns nicht gesagt, welche Lehren er aus der Ineffizienz (wenn nicht Kontraproduktivit&auml;t) der Wirtschaftssanktionen gegen den Irak in Bezug auf deren Einsatz im Allgemeinen zu ziehen gedenkt.</p>

<p>Er ist unglaubw&uuml;rdig, weil er das Spiel der Terroristen des 11. September 2001 mitspielt:</p>

<p>Die Terroristen stie&szlig;en sich an unserer liberalen Gesellschaft. Mit den verschiedenen Patriot Acts hat Bush ihr Spiel mitgespielt.</p>

<p>Die Terroristen wollten Polarisierung und Hass schaffen, da diese Emotionen ihnen Zulauf bringen. Durch seine selbstgerecht wirkende Rhetorik, bei der auch gerne mal ein ganzes Volk als &quot;b&ouml;se&quot; bezeichnet wird, schafft er Hass und Ablehnung und spielt damit das Spiel der Terroristen mit.</p>

<p>Er ist unglaubw&uuml;rdig, weil er uns f&uuml;r dumm zu verkaufen scheint:</p>

<p>Er verkauft uns f&uuml;r dumm, wenn er die Welt pauschal in gut und b&ouml;se teilt, wo doch jedes Kindergartenkind wei&szlig;, dass die Dinge so einfach nicht sind.</p>

<p>Er verkauft uns f&uuml;r dumm, wenn er sagt, man habe Saddam nach dem ersten Krieg eine &quot;zweite Chance&quot; gegeben (&quot;Gut, Saddam, weil du's bist, geben wir dir noch 'ne Chance&quot; - glaubt er wirklich, wir h&auml;tten eine derart naive Vorstellung von Weltpolitik?), anstatt uns konkret auseinanderzusetzen, weshalb die amerikanische Interessenslage damals keinen Regimewechsel erforderte, heute aber schon.</p>

<p>Er verkauft uns f&uuml;r dumm, wenn er nicht versteht, dass Argwohn aufkommt, wenn die Beweise den Behauptungen stets erst nachgeliefert werden, und dies nicht immer allzu professionell.</p>

<p>Er verkauft uns f&uuml;r dumm, da er uns keine S&auml;tze, die aus mehr als nur Subjekt, Pr&auml;dikat, Objekt bestehen, zuzumuten zu d&uuml;rfen glaubt.</p>

<p>Er verkauft uns f&uuml;r dumm, wenn uns stets eingeredet wird, alles verlaufe nach Plan, obschon wir genau wissen, dass die wenige Tage zuvor &ouml;ffentlich verk&uuml;ndeten Ziele nicht erreicht worden sind (puncto Ausschaltung Saddams, Massendesertationen im irakischen Heer, &Uuml;berl&auml;ufer auf h&ouml;chster Ebene... usw.). Meint die Bush-Administration wirklich, wir h&auml;tten so ein schlechtes Ged&auml;chtnis?</p>

<p>Er ist unglaubw&uuml;rdig, weil er ein offensichtliches Kommunikationsproblem hat:</p>

<p>Viele vermuten - zu Recht, so denke ich -, Bill Clinton h&auml;tte der Welt&ouml;ffentlichkeit die gleiche Politik wie die seines Nachfolgers schlicht und einfach besser verkaufen k&ouml;nnen. Bush versuchte von Anfang an zu &uuml;berzeugen, indem er Entschlossenheit markierte. Stattdessen entstand der Eindruck - ich sage: der Eindruck! -, jeder Vorwand sei ihm recht, er wolle einfach um Teufels Gewalt seinen Krieg haben. Er sprach, als ob er die Bibel nur ungef&auml;hr bis zu den Propheten gelesen h&auml;tte und das Neue Testament sich seiner Kenntnis entziehe. Als nun die US-Administration merken musste, dass sie keineswegs &uuml;berall auf offene Ohren stie&szlig;, im Gegenteil, da war sie - so wirkte es - beleidigt, und rund herum wurden Staatsoberh&auml;pter befreundeter Staaten kindisch abgekanzelt. Man schmollte. Man h&ouml;rt es nicht gerne, wenn einem Cowboy-Rhetorik und Kulturlosigkeit vorgeworfen wird. Dann f&uuml;hlt man sich gekr&auml;nkt und missverstanden, anstatt sich in einer uramerikanischen pragmatischen Tradition zu fragen: Okay, ich habe ein Problem mit meiner &ouml;ffentlichen Wahrnehmung. Was kann <i>ich</i> tun, um es zu l&ouml;sen?</p>

<p>Dies erscheint mir bemerkenswert, wei&szlig; doch jedes Unternehmen, dass die Antwort auf eine ung&uuml;nstige &Ouml;ffentlichkeitswahrnehmung immer in einer &Uuml;berarbeitung der eigenen Kommunikationspolitik liegen muss. Kein Konzern, der zum Opfer von Anfeindungen wird, beharrt selbstgerecht auf seiner Position, nein, es wird zwecks Imagekorrektur die Kommunikationsstrategie ge&auml;ndert. Im Land des freien Unternehmertums w&auml;re soviel Professionalit&auml;t doch auch der Regierung zuzumuten, erst recht, wenn es sich um die einzige Supermacht handelt!</p>

<p>Auch nun, im Krieg, entsteht das Bild von unkoordiniertem Draufg&auml;ngertum und Nervosit&auml;t. Sonderbehandlungen f&uuml;r britische und amerikanische Journalisten und weitgehend inhaltsleere Briefings &uuml;ber den Kriegsverlauf best&auml;tigen die Gegner nur in ihren Vorurteilen, selbst dann, wenn diese unberechtigt sind. In Europa, aber auch in der arabischen Welt f&uuml;hlen sich wohl auch viele, die Amerika gegen&uuml;ber prinzipiell positiv eingestellt sind, durch die taktlose Rhetorik der Bush-Administration abgesto&szlig;en. Ein etwas kultivierterer Ton w&auml;re gerade den amerikanischen Interessen gewiss sehr f&ouml;rderlich. Dass dies nicht erkannt wird, zeugt, wie gesagt, von Unprofessionalit&auml;t. Auch die Kriegspropaganda im ersten Golfkrieg war nicht auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichtet, zu leicht war sie zu entlarven (Brutkastengeschichte, Fernsehbilder aus dem Archiv, die manchmal nicht einmal aus dem Irak stammten...), und besch&auml;digte so auf lange Frist die Glaubw&uuml;rdigkeit und so auch die internationale Durchsetzungskraft der USA.</p>

<p>Wenn diese Probleme schon im Umgang mit den Europ&auml;ern bestehen, wie soll es dann erst gelingen, die arabische Welt von der amerikanischen Position zu &uuml;berzeugen, und sei diese an sich noch so vern&uuml;nftig?</p>

<p>Bush ist aber besonders aus einem Grund unglaubw&uuml;rdig: Er fordert das Schicksal heraus.</p>

<p>Zu Beginn der Debatte hatte Colin Powell noch mit Nachdruck ein Exit-Szenario gefordert. Ein solches gibt es nicht. Der amerikanische Plan beruht darauf, dass er funktioniert, dass das Streichholz nicht davonspickt. Doch selbst wer nicht der &Uuml;berzeugung anh&auml;ngt, alles, was schiefgehen k&ouml;nne, gehe auch schief, muss zugeben, dass mit gr&ouml;&szlig;ter Wahrscheinlichkeit irgend etwas bestimmt nicht nach Plan verlaufen wird, umso mehr als es, wie schon erw&auml;hnt, zahlreiche Unsicherheitsfaktoren gibt (Akzeptanz der amerikanischen Besatzung in der Bev&ouml;lkerung, Stichhaltigkeit der Theorie der demokratischen Ansteckung, Gefahr von Guerillataktiken, grausamer Behandlung amerikanischer Soldaten und daraus resultierendes Abbr&ouml;ckeln der Unterst&uuml;tzung in der Heimat... usw.). Und wenn der gesamte Befreiungsprozess nicht konsequent zu Ende gef&uuml;hrt wird, so droht Chaos und Gewalt, und dies in einem hochger&uuml;steten Land! Nat&uuml;rlich: wenn in einigen Jahren im Nahen Osten Demokratie und Wohlstand herrschen, so wird dieser Krieg doch Gutes geschaffen haben; und wenn dann ein paar amerikanische Firmen daran verdienen und die Vereinigten Staaten Macht gewinnen, so wird es ihnen zu g&ouml;nnen sein. Aber die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass dies geschieht, ist meiner Ansicht nach geringer als die, dass es nicht geschieht.</p>

<p>Er vertraue auf Gott, hei&szlig;t es dann immer vom frommen US-Pr&auml;sidenten. Doch auf Gott vertrauen hei&szlig;t mit Gottes Hilfe vern&uuml;nftig handeln. Unvern&uuml;nftig handeln und dabei auf Gottes Hilfe vertrauen hingegen hei&szlig;t Gott versuchen, und dies r&auml;cht sich immer.</p>

<p>Manche Kriegsgegner sehen mit Grauen ein Zeitalter des weltweiten amerikanischen Imperialismus heraufd&auml;mmern. Diese Furcht ist in meinen Augen unbegr&uuml;ndet. Der H&ouml;hepunkt der amerikanischen Macht - Mitte der Neunzigerjahre - ist &uuml;berschritten, trotz ihrer haushohen milit&auml;rischen &Uuml;berlegenheit. Europa und China werden schrittweise erstarken und ein Gegengewicht bilden, w&auml;hrend die exponierte Position der Vereinigten Staaten diese zum bevorzugten Ziel f&uuml;r Angriffe machen wird. So wird sich ein neues Gleichgewicht einpendeln, von dem letzlich auch das amerikanische Volk profitieren d&uuml;rfte, das der derzeitigen Hegemonie paradoxerweise doch einiges zu opfern hat, nicht nur materiell, sondern auch an innerem Frieden.</p>

<p>Nein, langfristig m&uuml;ssen wir nicht <i>vor</i> den USA Angst haben, sondern vielmehr <i>um</i> die USA. Und so fragt sich schon heute, fernab des dumpfen Antiamerikanismus dummdreister Berufsneinsager, bang der besorgte Europ&auml;er: Wo ist es, das Amerika, das wir lieben? Das Amerika, das uns in unserer Geschichtsbeladenheit und Befangenheit immer wieder mit seiner Naivit&auml;t und unbedarften Neugier erfrischt und erhellt? Das Amerika, das mit seiner Freiheit, seiner Toleranz, seinem Mut so oft in dunklen Zeiten als Licht am Horizont leuchtete? Das Amerika, mit dem gemeinsam wir die moderne Demokratie entwickelt haben und das zu unserer westlichen Welt einfach dazugeh&ouml;rt, mit all seinen bisweilen unverst&auml;ndlichen, bisweilen anregenden Besonderheiten? Der Schock des 11. September scheint es noch immer fest in seinem W&uuml;rgegriff zu halten, und diese Angst und aggressive &Uuml;berladenheit treiben es zu unvern&uuml;nftigen Taten. M&ouml;ge es &uuml;ber dieses Trauma hinwegkommen und sich davon erholen!</p>

<p>Denn wir geh&ouml;ren zusammen und glauben gemeinsam an die Freiheitswerte unserer westlichen Welt. Umso schlimmer, dass die Vereinigten Staaten f&uuml;r einen vermeintlichen kurzfristigen Nutzen unseren gemeinsamen langfristigen Interessen durch &uuml;berhetzt dilettantisches Verhalten schaden. Denn durch die Unterminierung des V&ouml;lkerrechts und alle anderen schon erw&auml;hnten Unstimmigkeiten, die mit diesem Krieg einhergehen, verlieren wir an Glaubw&uuml;rdigkeit in der Welt. Und dieser moralische Verlust kann selbst machtpolitisch betrachtet weder durch geostrategische Vorteile, noch durch milit&auml;rische &Uuml;berlegenheit wettgemacht werden.</p>

<p>In der derzeitigen Situation bleibt nur zu hoffen, dass, ist das Streichholz erst einmal davongespickt, irgend jemand es rechtzeitig vom &Ouml;lteppich der arabischen Welt wieder aufhebt, bevor diese lichterloh in Flammen steht!</p>

]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/iraq" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="iraq">iraq</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/war" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="war">war</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/iraq+war" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="iraq war">iraq war</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/bush" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="bush">bush</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/europe" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="europe">europe</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/saddam" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="saddam">saddam</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/gulf" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="gulf">gulf</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>How To Tell Your Browser What Languages You Speak</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/03/how_to_tell_your_browser_about_1.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=9" title="How To Tell Your Browser What Languages You Speak" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.9</id>
    
    <published>2007-03-22T11:30:44Z</published>
    <updated>2007-03-23T06:47:29Z</updated>
    
    <summary>This is the first of two entries I have planned to write on language and content negotiation. A lot of non-techies do not even know what content negotiation means – which is not really a problem –, but they also miss out on an opportunity to improve their user experience on the Internet. Since in this post I am going to limit myself to language negotiation – as opposed to content negotiation in general –, I believe that it is particularly relevant to language professionals</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Language and Translation" />
            <category term="Web Development and Programming" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>This is the first of two entries I have planned to write on language and content negotiation. A lot of non-techies do not even know what content negotiation means – which is not really a problem –, but they also miss out on an opportunity to improve their user experience on the Internet. Since in this post I am going to limit myself to language negotiation – as opposed to content negotiation in general –, I believe that it is particularly relevant to language professionals.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<h3>The basics of HTTP headers and content negotiation</h3>
<p>When your browser requests an Internet page, it does not merely go and fetch it. It communicates and “negotiates” with the web server so to speak. The language it uses to do so is called HTTP (hyper-text transfer protocol), along with HTML (hyper-text mark-up language) one of the two main pillars of the world-wide web.</p>
<p>For example, your browser may typically tell the server something like this: I would like to display the page referenced by the URL http://christianflury.com/blog/. By the way, I am a Mozilla-based browser that runs on Windows&nbsp;XP, and I have got a copy of that page's version last updated on the 15th of December, 11:04h, so if it has not been modified in the meantime, I do not need to download a fresh copy. For text, I like html or xhtml best, but text-only is okay as well, and when it comes to images, I prefer PNG to other formats such as gif or jpeg.</p>
<p>The server could then reply: Nice to see you, don't worry, your copy of the page is okay, no need to transmit it once again. Or: Here you are, this is the version of the page that best respects your preferences.</p>
<p>Obviously, they don't speak plain English, but HTTP which looks a bit like such:</p>
<pre style="color:grey;font-size:80%;">
http://christianflury.com/blog/

GET /blog/ HTTP/1.1

Host: christianflury.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; de; rv:1.8.1.2) Gecko/20060601 Firefox/2.0.0.2 (Ubuntu-edgy)
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
Accept-Language: de,en;q=0.8,fr;q=0.5,it;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://christianflury.com/
Cookie: language=last_changed&amp;1174519453&amp;language&amp;de

HTTP/1.x 200 OK

Date: Wed, 21 Mar 2007 23:24:43 GMT
Server: Apache/2.0.58 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.0.58 OpenSSL/0.9.7a
Content-Language: de, en
Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Mar 2007 23:24:13 GMT
Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml

</pre>
<p style="font-size:80%;font-style:italic;">One note to security-paranoid techies reading this: Yes, now you can copy my cookie and log on to my site pretending that you have set the interface to German and last changed your preferences yesterday evening. Big deal.</p>
<h3>The Accept-Language header</h3>
<p>In the funny HTTP-ish conversation above, one line is of particular interest to us:<br />
<i>Accept-Language: de,en;q=0.8,fr;q=0.5,it;q=0.3</i><br />
Translated into plain English, this means: I prefer to read in German. If you don't have German, give me English; if you don't have English, give me French; and if you don't speak French, you might as well serve me your content in Italian.</p>
<p>Believe it or not: servers do listen to you (sometimes). For example, when you visit my homepage for the very first time, the interface and all the content (except this blog) will appear in German, French or English according to the <i>Accept-language</i> header your browser sends. The same goes for a lot of other websites.</p>
<h3>How to tell your browser</h3>
<p>Great, you may object, but how do I tell my browser? After all, I don't speak HTTP.</p>
<p>Luckily, you can tell most browsers quite easily what Accept-language headers you want them to send. To learn how to change your language preferences in your browser of choice, you may want to check out this <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-lang-priorities" title="Setting language preferences in a browser">nice W3C document</a>.</p>
<p>In Firefox&nbsp;2.0, it looks as follows:</p>
<img src="http://christianflury.com/images/blog/FFLanguages.png" alt="Image of my language settings in Firefox 2.0" />
<h3>In how far will this improve your user experience?</h3>
<p>Suppose your mother tongue is Icelandic (a lovely language, by the way), you are also fluent in English and speak a bit of Flemish. If you visit a Belgian website that's available in French and Flemish, the website can determine that the Flemish version will be most relevant to you and spare you the hassle of looking for the language navigation and changing the interface language to Flemish manually. For people with a multilingual background (and thanks to increased mobility there are more and more of them) who are regularly searching for information on the Internet, this can prove quite useful.</p>
<h3>What the future might bring</h3>
<p>For the time being, search engines or online glossaries do not leverage the browser's language settings yet. For example, Google weights search results only according to the language that the user chose for the interface as far as I know. One reason might be that most users are not even aware of the possibility to change their language preferences in such a fine-grained way and go with the default values (mostly their local language and English). However, you never know what the future will bring. Search engines should leverage every possibility to further increase the relevance of their search results.</p>
<p>There would also be some potential for multilingual resources such as glossaries which could guess a linguist's working languages from these language settings. As always, when a website makes assumptions about a user, it should give him or her the opportunity easily to change their preferences, but still this could be quite a time-saver in a lot of environments.</p>
]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Accept+language" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Accept-language">Accept-language</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/language" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="language">language</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/languages" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="languages">languages</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/browser" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="browser">browser</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/browsers" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="browsers">browsers</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Firefox" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/content+negotiation" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="content negotiation">content negotiation</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/accept+headers" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="accept headers">accept headers</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/language+recognition" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="language recognition">language recognition</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/http" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="http">http</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/http+headers" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="http headers">http headers</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Quite Some Characters: A Unicode Primer for Linguists</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/03/quite_some_characters_a_unicod.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=31" title="Quite Some Characters: A Unicode Primer for Linguists" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.31</id>
    
    <published>2007-03-19T12:45:10Z</published>
    <updated>2007-03-23T07:09:05Z</updated>
    
    <summary>For people who are part of a creation process as is the case for us linguists it often proves helpful to have at least a basic idea of the other aspects involved in that process even if, strictly speaking, they are outside our own responsibility. Since computers have become such an integral part of our lives and working environments, computer-related aspects of multilingual content should be of interest to anyone involved in a translation process. This knowledge may not be directly required for our linguistic work, but it can greatly facilitate collaboration and communication with engineers, graphic designers, etc. and make it easier to identify and analyse obstacles that we may encounter from time to time. Yes, you guessed it right, this article is dedicated to the horribly dull and nasty topic of character encodings, in particular, Unicode.
</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Language and Translation" />
            <category term="Localization and Internationalization" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>For people who are part of a creation process as is the case for us linguists it often proves helpful to have at least a basic idea of the other aspects involved in that process even if, strictly speaking, they are outside our own responsibility. Since computers have become such an integral part of our lives and working environments, computer-related aspects of multilingual content should be of interest to anyone involved in a translation process. This knowledge may not be directly required for our linguistic work, but it can greatly facilitate collaboration and communication with engineers, graphic designers, etc. and make it easier to identify and analyse obstacles that we may encounter from time to time. Yes, you guessed it right, this article is dedicated to the horribly dull and nasty topic of <b>text encodings</b>, in particular, <b>Unicode</b>.</p>
]]>
        <![CDATA[<p>Since this article has grown somewhat long, I have broken it down into four main chapters:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#how">How do computers deal with text?</a></li>
<li><a href="#regional">Regional character sets and the Unicode standard</a></li>
<li><a href="#practical">Practical guidelines for trouble-shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="#translating">Translating the term “encoding”</a></li>
<li><a href="#further">Further reading</a></li>
</ul>

<h3 id="how">How do computers deal with text?</h3>

<h4>What's a character?</h4>

<p>Sounds like an easy question to ask, doesn't it? Is it not just a visual sign used in combination with other visual signs to represent natural language in written form? Or the smallest unit of a writing system?</p>

<p>In order better to understand how text is processed by computers, I would encourage linguists to think differently and make a clear distinction between a <b>character</b> (an abstract atomic unit in language notation) and a <b>glyph</b> (the visual representation thereof). At university, we have all learnt about the semiotic triangle and how to differentiate between concept (the idea of an abstract or actual object) and term (the word or phrase used to refer to that idea). By analogy, you could think of a character as some sort of concept and of a glyph as a visual “term” used to express that concept. Systems that link a given set of glyphs to the characters they express are known as <b>fonts</b>.</p>

<p>While these considerations might sound a bit convoluted and academic, their practical implications can be of great help in trying to troubleshoot encoding issues as we will see later on.</p>

<h4>Character sets and text encodings</h4>

<p>As we all know, at the lowest level, computers only store ones and zeros. This means that in order to store written language, the series of characters of which a text consists need to be expressed in ones and zeros. This is where <b>character sets</b> and their <b>encodings</b> come into play.</p>

<p>The first step in expressing characters as bits and bytes is to assign each <b>character</b> a unique positive integer (number), referred to as that given character's <b>code point</b>. These assignments are defined in a <b>character set</b> or <b>code page</b>. For example, in most character sets the Latin capital letter C corresponds to the numeric value 67.</p>

<p>The second step, put simply, consists in representing this <b>code point</b> (i.e. this number) as ones and zeros using a logic that makes it unambiguous where one character ends and the next one begins and that respects the limitations and conventions of the system's storage capabilities. This process is referred to as <b>encoding</b>.</p>

<h4>Confused?</h4>

<p>Before we go on, let us sum up what we have discussed so far in a simple diagram.</p>

<img src="http://christianflury.com/images/blog/diagramm.png" alt="Diagram visualizing the relationship between glyphs, characters, code points and binary representation" />

<p>In other words, we have the abstract concept of a <b>character</b>. This character is presented to the human eye using a corresponding <b>glyph</b> (i.e. visual representation) provided by the used <b>font</b>. In order to be processed and stored by computers, that same character is assigned a number (<b>code point</b>) according to a <b>character set</b> or <b>code page</b>. Eventually, this number has to be represented in bits and bytes in an unambiguous way (<b>encoding</b>).</p>

<h3 id="regional">Regional character sets and the Unicode standard</h3>

<h4>ASCII</h4>

<p>The first widely-adopted character set and encoding was <b>ASCII</b>, sometimes referred to as <b>US-ASCII</b>. It was a 7-bit character set and therefore offered room for 128 (2 to the power of 7) characters, basically those that you would find on the keyboard of an English typewriter. Since computers like to organize information in units of 8 bits (bytes or, strictly speaking, octets), each character usually corresponded to one octet whose first bit was set to zero.</p>

<h4>Regionally specific encodings</h4>

<p>ASCII soon proved to be insufficient for international purposes because of the lack of support for diacritical marks or special characters, let alone Asian or otherwise exotic scripts (writing systems). This resulted in the advent of a wealth of <b>encoding standards which extended ASCII</b>, offering larger character repertoires in order to accommodate languages other than English, as for example the <b>ISO standard 8859-1</b> (often referred to as “Western European” encoding).</p>

<p>While for most languages that make predominant use of the Latin script along with just a few special characters it was sufficient to resort to using the first (unused) bit of each octet so that one character still corresponded to one byte, a lot of non-European languages required a larger character repertoire and needed two bytes per character; hence the expression “<b>double-byte languages</b>” that is still heard from time to time in the localization industry to refer to (mostly Asian) languages with huge character sets.</p>

<h4>Unicode</h4>

<p>You may have guessed the problems that arose with the adoption of these <b>regional encoding standards</b>: They complicated the task of dealing with multilingual content and they made the process of localizing software and documents into languages that used different character sets complex, cumbersome and bug-prone. </p>

<p>The basic idea behind the <b>Unicode standard</b> (which emerged in the nineties) was to introduce encodings capable of accommodating a <b>character repertoire</b> (i.e. collection of characters) that would cover every thinkable language and <b>script</b> (<b>writing system</b>) in the world. (I shall spare you the complicated challenges that accompanied its evolution – you may want to look up UCS-2 and UCS-4, combined characters or Han unification if you are interested in the gory details.) Unicode defines a character set (<b>UCS – Universal Character Set</b>) designed for that purpose. The code points were assigned with <b>backwards compatibility</b> in mind – its first 256 code points are identical to ISO 8859-1 (Western European) whose first 128 code points, in turn, are identical to ASCII. For other scripts, the ordering of regional encodings was preserved to make <b>re-encoding of existing content</b> easier.</p>

<p>It is important to note that Unicode's <b>Universal Character Set</b> is exactly that: a <i>character set</i>, not an <i>encoding</i>. This means it assigns numbers to characters, but does not impose one particular <i>encoding</i> of that character set (i.e. a representation of the code points in bytes and bits). Previously, most regional character sets had also defined one particular encoding which meant that distinction between character set or code page and encoding was not as important as it became with Unicode.</p>

<h4>U+WTF?</h4>

<p>When reading about Unicode or dealing with engineers, you may often come across <b>notations such as U+004B</b> to refer to a given character. The “U+” indicates that we are referring to a Unicode code point while what follows is the number assigned to the character in question in <b>hexadecimal notation</b>. For example, U+004B refers to Unicode character number 75 (4 x 16 + 11) which is the Latin capital letter K.</p>

<p>In computer science, hexadecimal notation is often preferred to decimal notation because, unlike 16 which is the base of the hexadecimal system, the base of the decimal system – 10 – is not a power of two. Moreover a two-digit hexadecimal number can have 256 different values – exactly as many as a byte (two to the power of eight since a byte has eight bits).</p>

<h4>Unicode encodings: UTF-32, UTF-16 and UTF-8</h4>

<p>The main decision to take with regards to the <b>encoding of the Unicode character set</b> regards the <b>trade-off between space requirements and complexity</b>.</p>

<p><b>UTF-32</b> is a <b>fixed-width</b> encoding. This means every single character needs exactly 32 ones and zeros (4 bytes). This is simple, but creates a huge overhead when you are mostly dealing with Western characters. <b>UTF-16</b> and <b>UTF-8</b> are <b>variable-width</b> encodings: they require less storage for very common characters than for rare characters, but they are more complex. Furthermore, for text that only contains ASCII characters, UTF-8 is byte-identical to ASCII which increases backwards compatibility.</p>

<h4>Endianness – does your computer “think” in English or in German?</h4>

<p>In the context of Unicode encodings, you will sometimes come across the terms “<b>big-endian</b>” or “<b>little-endian</b>”. They refer to a low-level technicality that we should not really care about as non-techies. Just to explain the concept for the sake of completeness: You probably know that, instead of “forty-two”, in German we would say “two-and-forty” (“zweiundvierzig”). When ordering the bytes in a multi-byte character, some computer systems think in English, others in German. This is basically what endianness means. Luckily, so far no computer system has been invented that would think in French, thus encoding its bytes along the lines of “quatre-vingt-quatorze” (“four times twenty and fourteen” = 94).</p>

<h4>BOM or Unicode signature</h4>

<p>To disambiguate its endianness or byte order, a file may contain a <b>BOM</b> (<b>byte-order mark</b>) as its first character. This “invisible” character has the code-point U+FEFF and, in principle, serves the sole purpose of defining the byte order or endianness of that file. However, it is also used as a marker indicating that the given file is encoded in UTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32, hence the alternative term <b>Unicode signature</b>.</p>

<h4>Misuse of the term “Unicode” as a synonym for UTF-16</h4>

<p>Since this entire topic is not quite confusing enough as it is, at some point, someone (it is rumoured that it was Microsoft) started using “Unicode” as a synonym for UTF-16. As we know, this is <b>nonsense</b>: Unicode is a <i>standard</i> that defines a <i>character set</i> which may be <i>encoded</i> using several encoding systems <i>one of which</i> is UTF-16. Unfortunately the illogical use of “Unicode” as a synonym for “UTF-16” has become widespread in text processing and other computer applications. This adds to the general confusion about encoding issues.</p>

<h3 id="practical">Practical guidelines for trouble-shooting</h3>

<h4>Character corruption</h4>

<p>Today, the different Unicode encodings (in particular, UTF-8 and UTF-16 with or without BOM) enjoy widespread adoption, but some applications, database systems, frameworks and scripting languages are still lacking full support for them and rather use regional encodings. This means that when data is exchanged between applications or systems, text may have to be re-encoded in the background. Sometimes this goes wrong which causes <b>character corruption</b>.</p>

<p>This is why from time to time, when you find your elaborate and well-formatted translation published, you might notice in utter horror that <b>special characters</b> or special <b>typographic marks</b> have been lost or represented badly. While this is particularly common in e-mail communication (where, in addition, the problem of <i>transfer-encoding</i> comes into play), it may happen in a lot of other cases as well, and you don't want to see the result of your hard work mutilated.</p>

<h4>Trouble-shooting</h4>

<p>I have often seen people manually re-enter or correct text that had been damaged. This is mostly unnecessary and it pays off to approach the problem analytically. Therefore, here are some questions you may want to ask (yourself or the client's engineer or graphic designer) when you come across garbled characters.</p>

<ul>
<li>Remember what we said about the difference between <b>characters</b> and <b>glyphs</b>? In a lot of cases, the <b>characters</b> may be intact, but the <b>font</b> that is used to represent them may not offer <b>glyphs</b> for some of them. Therefore, the first thing to do is to try some other fonts in order to find out if this might be case. This is the easiest problem to fix. In such cases, depending on the application, the characters that cannot be represented may be visualized as question marks, little squares or not at all.</li>

<li>Does the text look mostly alright, except that most of the special characters have been replaced with different ones? This presumably means that one particular <b>one-byte encoding has been interpreted as a different one-byte encoding or as UTF-8</b>. Depending on the complexity of the publishing process, you may not be able to fix this yourself, but you can give the engineer a valuable hint.</li>

<li>Same as above, but some special characters have been replaced with a sequence of two different special characters rather than just one different special character. This might mean that <b>UTF-8 has been interpreted as a regional one-byte encoding</b> or it may indicate a <b>double-encoding issue</b>. For instance, your text may have been re-encoded from Eastern European to UTF-8 at some point in the process. Later on, it may have been interpreted as Eastern European and re-encoded again. Again, this indicates a bug in the process about which you cannot anything yourself, but when you spot this phenomenon, you may give the technical experts valuable hints. Note that double-encodings are often irreversible – let's hope there is a backup of an uncorrupted version.</li>

<li>Does each file have one weird character or a sequence of weird characters at the start? The reason is most probably that the file was encoded using a <b>BOM</b> (<b>byte-order mark</b>), but some application used in the process did not understand byte-order marks.</li>

<li>Have all special characters disappeared? There may be one piece of software in the process that can only deal with ASCII, <b>ignoring all non-ASCII characters</b>. This is, for instance, the case of some notification emails sent by Yahoo groups. Also, it often happens when semi-professional php scripts are involved.</li>

<li>Does the entire text look weird and partly corrupted and there is a lot of additional white-space between individual characters? At some point, <b>UTF-16 might have been misinterpreted as UTF-8</b>.</li>

<li>Unable to use or open a UTF-8 or UTF-16 file in a particular context? Note that some applications (especially on the Windows platform) explicitly require a BOM while others (especially under Linux) explicitly forbid it and cannot deal with it.</li>

<li>Do you get funny character sequences along the lines of a pattern as in “Gr=C3=BC=C3=9Fe=” (which should read “Grüße”)? At some point, the content was encoded in <b>base 64</b> or <b>Quoted-Printable</b> without being <b>decoded</b> correctly afterwards. See my article <a href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/01/corrupted_plaintext_email_mess.html">Ever heard of base64?</a> for details.</li>

<li>In emails and on web pages, there's sometimes a very simple explanation for corrupted characters:  the server or the web page or email themselves may be <b>specifying a wrong encoding</b> – for example, when a web page is encoded in UTF-8, but it claims that it is encoded in  ISO 8859-2. </li>
</ul>

<p>For translators it is of particular interest to note that the above-mentioned phenomena of UTF-8 being interpreted as a particular regional one-byte encoding and vice versa are a common cause of character corruption when <b>exchanging translation memories</b> between <b>Trados 6</b> and <b>Trados 7</b>.</p>

<p>Still, you may find yourself thinking: “Great, but what has it got to do with me? After all, I am a linguist, not an engineer.” Whilst this is true, the engineers, editors or graphic designers involved in the process may not feel too comfortable with text encoding issues either. More importantly, if they do not speak the language in question, it may be harder for them to spot what has really gone wrong and they may appreciate some hints.</p>

<h3 id="translating">Translating the term “encoding”</h3>

<p>I have noticed that the term encoding is sometimes mistranslated or misunderstood by linguists who confuse the two fundamentally different concepts of <b>encoding</b> (the representation of information in a form that can be stored or transmitted by computers) and <b>encryption</b> (the process of making this information inaccessible to third parties that do not possess a secret key required to decrypt it).</p>

<p>For example, the German <b>gmail</b> interface (as of today, 18th of March, 2007) claims that you can choose some mysterious “default encryption” (“Standardtextverschlüsselung”) as your selected mode of “encryption” (“Verschlüsselung”) when sending email. Obviously, with all due respect for Google's spirit of innovation, <b>email does not get “encrypted”, with or without gmail</b>. (What they meant to write was "Zeichenkodierung" - "text encoding"). A typical case of “translating” without using your head, the Internet or the slightest bit of common sense which results in Google possibly being seen as lying to its German-speaking users – the few ones that still trust these translations, that is.</p>

<p>You know, Google translators, there's this revolutionary new <b>search engine</b> that actually allows you to research terms and information on the Internet without even leaving the office, hey, you can even look up <b>definitions of terms</b> using the <i>define:</i> syntax (just try it with some random term such as, say, “<a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=de&amp;q=define%3AVerschl%C3%BCsselung&amp;btnG=Suche&amp;lr=" title="Definition von Verschlüsselung">Verschlüsselung</a>”, you'll be astonished) – what was it called again? Gog... Goo... something like that. Anyway. Go figure it out, it's really great – that German guy told me it even offered a new secure technology for encrypted email transmission...</p>

<p>With this in mind, I hope this article will help save your work from the abyss of character corruption, and, more importantly, I hope your content is actually worth it.</p>

<h3 id="further">Further reading</h3>
<p><b>Update:</b> Here are a few resources for people who want to learn more about the subject:</p>
<ul>
<li>Joel on Software, <a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html" title="Joel on Software">The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia article on Unicode</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.unicode.org/" title="Unicode Consortium">Official homepage of the Unicode Consortium</a></li>
<li><a href="http://unicode.coeurlumiere.com/" title="Unicode characters 1-65535">Table of the 65534 first Unicode characters along with their code points</a></li>
</ul>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/encoding" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="encoding">encoding</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/code+page" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="code page">code page</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/code+point" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="code point">code point</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/unicode" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="unicode">unicode</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/utf+8" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="utf-8">utf-8</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/utf+16" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="utf-16">utf-16</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/utf+32" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="utf-32">utf-32</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/bom" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="bom">bom</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/endianness" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="endianness">endianness</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/character+corruption" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="character corruption">character corruption</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/text+encoding" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="text encoding">text encoding</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/character+set" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="character set">character set</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/glyph" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="glyph">glyph</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/font" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="font">font</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/google" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="google">google</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/gmail" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="gmail">gmail</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/ucs" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="ucs">ucs</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/universal+character+set" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="universal character set">universal character set</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/localization" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="localization">localization</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/intenationalization" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="intenationalization">intenationalization</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/l10n" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="l10n">l10n</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/i18n" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="i18n">i18n</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/translation" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="translation">translation</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Why I love Bach (re-run, in German)</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/03/why_i_love_bach_rerun_in_germa.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=30" title="Why I love Bach (re-run, in German)" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.30</id>
    
    <published>2007-03-12T10:11:22Z</published>
    <updated>2007-03-23T06:48:10Z</updated>
    
    <summary>I&apos;ll start my series of re-runs of some old posts with a short article that I wrote some years ago for my first homepage. My goal was to explain my personal approach to the music and personality of J. S. Bach whom I view as the greatest composer, nay, the greatest artist, ever. In particular, I emphasize how he blends...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Thoughts on Music" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p><i>I'll start my <a href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/03/rerun_time.html" title="Re-run time">series of re-runs of some old posts</a> with a short article that I wrote some years ago for my first homepage. My goal was to explain my personal approach to the music and personality of J. S. Bach whom I view as the greatest composer, nay, the greatest artist, ever. In particular, I emphasize how he blends mathematical sophistication and deeply-felt spirituality, rationality and emotions, in a unique way. I also mention his humble concept of his own role as a "musical scientist" or maybe a mediator between heaven and earth rather than a "genius". The entire article is ripe with fanboy-like enthusiasm, but, hey, I was young back then.</i></p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<p><img src="http://christianflury.com/images/blog/bachjs_2.jpg" style="float:left;margin:20px;" />Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750) ist für mich der größte Komponist aller Zeiten. Sein vollkommenes Können ist weder vor noch nach ihm jemals erreicht worden, und ich wage auch schwer zu bezweifeln, ob in Zukunft je ein Komponist, ja, irgend ein Künstler, sich zu solcher Höhe aufschwingen wird. Kein anderer versteht es wie er, mathematische Klarheit und klangliche Schönheit miteinander in Einklang zu bringen. In vielerlei Hinsicht ist er für mich ein Vorbild, sowohl als Künstler wie auch als Mensch.</p>

<p>Diese Faszination machte sich bei mir schon in frühester Kindheit bemerkbar. Ohne dass ich damals viel von Musik verstanden hätte, stach für mich Bach unmittelbar aus allem hervor, was ich kannte, als wäre er mir wie verwandt. Mit zunehmendem Alter wusste ich mehr über sein Leben, verstand mehr vom Aufbau seiner Stücke, stets entdeckte ich Neues in seiner Musik, und das geht mir bis heute so.</p>

<p>Denn nirgendwo sonst gehen geistige Durchdrungenheit und unmittelbare Ehrlichkeit, analytische Strenge und spielerische Phantasie, mathematische Genauigkeit und spirituelles Empfinden derart friedlich miteiander einher, nirgendwo sind Geist und Seele einander so nahe wie in Bachs Musik. Zeitlos spricht aus seinen Werken jene höhere Wahrheit, die der Mensch in der Kunst sucht.</p>

<p>Oft hört man, zu Beginn der Neuzeit habe sich die Kunst vom Handwerk emanzipiert, und hat dabei einen bestimmten aus dem 19. Jahrhundert stammenden Künstlerbegriff im Kopf: den eines frei seiner Intuition folgenden, tief empfindenden Individuums. Nur zu gerne verwechselt man dabei Freiheit der Kunst mit Beliebigkeit der Kunst. Das ist mit dem heutigen Selbstverwirklichungswahn noch schlimmer geworden, und bisweilen wird gar überhaupt Kunst mit Ausdruck gleichgesetzt.</p>

<p>Bach seinerseits hätte wahrscheinlich Musik zwar nicht als Handwerk, aber ebenso wenig als Mittel zur Selbstverwirklichung betrachtet. Er verwendete gerne den damals verbreiteten Begriff von der "musikalischen Wissenschaft". Dieser mag für uns verstaubt klingen - doch sind Wissenschaft und Kunst nicht in der Tat zwei Schwestern? Versuchen nicht beide auf ihre Art und Weise der Welt auf den Grund zu gehen, sind nicht beide auf der Suche nach der Wahrheit, wollen nicht beide Neues finden, herausfinden und erfinden?</p>

<p>Bei dieser Suche zeichnet sich Bach durch eine Demut aus, die bei anderen Künstlern selten ist, so sehr, dass uns selbst das Wort etwas antiquiert anmutet. Wenn er die meisten seiner Werke mit dem Kürzel SDG ("Soli Deo Gloria", d.h. "allein zur Ehre Gottes") zeichnet, so ist dies in meinen Augen Ausdruck nicht sosehr tiefer Religiosität im engeren Sinne, als vielmehr einer weiter gefassten Dankbarkeit gegenüber jenem Höheren, das seinen Schimmer auf seine Musik legt. Diese Bescheidenheit - sei es nun aus einer christlichen Optik wie der Bachs heraus oder auch aus einer völlig anderen - scheint mir eine wichtige Grundlage hoher Kunst zu sein.</p>

<p>Bisweilen wird Bach gerne als finster, streng und konservativ dargestellt. Doch dabei übersieht man meiner Ansicht nach einen seiner wesentlichen Wesenszüge: eine Art, über den Dingen zu stehen. Während andere, gerade zu seiner Zeit, in der Kunst einfach strikt Regeln befolgten, die sie vorher aufgestellt hatten, setzte er sich mit den Flügeln der kreativen Logik gerne über solche künstlichen Regeln hinweg. Während selbst innerhalb der einzelnen Konfessionen die spitzfindigsten Glaubensstreite ausgefochten wurden und der Kontinent noch unter dem Eindruck barbarischer Religionskriege stand, schuf er, der evangelische Kirchenkomponist par excellence, eine katholische (oder zumindest Katholizismus-kompatible) Messe. Während andere Komponisten einen bestimmtem Stil pflegten, dem sie sich verschrieben hatten, beschäftigte er sich mit allen europäischen Stilrichtungen und verarbeitete sie in seiner Kunst. Es war eine unspektakuläre, so ganz und gar nicht zur Schau getragenene Form der Offenheit, allein aus der Zeitlosigkeit seiner Musik lächelt sie uns bis heute zu.</p>

<p>Auch als Mensch ist Bach für mich beeindruckend. Bei ihm gehen Genie und Wahnsinn mitnichten mit einander einher. Im Gegenteil: Er war wahrscheinlich einer der umgänglichsten Künstler der Geschichte. Obschon er schon im Alter von neun Jahren zum Vollwaisen wurde und ihm später, als er gerade auf einer Reise war, seine erste Frau unerwartet vom Tod entrissen werden sollte, blieb ihm jeder Anflug von Verbitterung fremd. Wissbegierig und offen trat er Neuem gegenüber. Er reiste viel, wenn auch in einem geographisch eng eingegrenzten Gebiet, und nahm dabei oft unvorstellbar lange Fußmärsche auf sich. Das Leben verschlug ihn von einem Ort zum anderen, oft nicht gerade nach seinen Wünschen, doch überall gab er sein Bestes, unabhängig von den Aussichten, die sich ihm dadurch boten. Ja, als Thomaskantor in Leipzig musste er sogar in der Schule Lateinstunden geben, doch auch dies schien er nicht für unter seiner Würde zu befinden. Wenn ihm Unrecht widerfuhr, war seine Antwort ernst, korrekt und überlegt. Wohl einer der produktivsten Komponisten seines Kalibers, fand er dennoch Zeit, seinen vielen Kindern eine für seine Zeit erstaunlich fortschrittliche Erziehung angedeihen zu lassen und seine Kunst an sie weiterzugeben.</p>

<p>In meinen Augen ist seine Musik nicht Ausdruck einer bestimmten Künstlerpersönlichkeit, einer bestimmten Zeit oder einer bestimmten Kultur. Sie ist vielmehr ein zeitloses Geschenk an die ganze Menschheit.</p>

<p>Keinem Geringerem als Ludwig van Beethoven wird der Ausruf zugeschrieben: "Nicht Bach, Meer sollte er heißen!"</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/music" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="music">music</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/bach" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="bach">bach</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/js+bach" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="js bach">js bach</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/johann+sebastian+bach" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="johann sebastian bach">johann sebastian bach</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Re-run Time</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/03/rerun_time.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=29" title="Re-run Time" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.29</id>
    
    <published>2007-03-11T15:38:39Z</published>
    <updated>2007-03-22T22:36:47Z</updated>
    
    <summary>When I moved to my new CMS and design in autumn, I could not really figure how my old articles on music and my free-market advocacy would best fit in with the new structure. This is a pity: I noticed that a lot of visitors come here exactly for that content which is currently offline. Since this blog has not...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Loose Talk" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>When I moved to my new CMS and design in autumn, I could not really figure how my old articles on music and my free-market advocacy would best fit in with the new structure. This is a pity: I noticed that a lot of visitors come here exactly for that content which is currently offline. Since this blog has not ever had any sort of real focus anyway, I now decided to rerun them here. They are all in German, but I might give my English-speaking readers a brief summary.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<p>I also added a new category, <i>thoughts on music</i> where I plan not only to republish my old articles, but also write new ones from time to time. I hope you'll enjoy them and I'd like to offer my apologies for not translating them into English; but that would honestly be too much work given their sometimes excessive length.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/music" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="music">music</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Dual-Booting Linux Ubuntu And Win XP On An Old Fujitsu-Siemens C Series LifeBook</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/01/dualbooting_linux_ubuntu_and_w.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=23" title="Dual-Booting Linux Ubuntu And Win XP On An Old Fujitsu-Siemens C Series LifeBook" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.23</id>
    
    <published>2007-01-20T18:38:26Z</published>
    <updated>2007-01-21T12:23:03Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Whereas on my fresh desktop PC installing Ubuntu from the live CD had been a piece of cake, on my three-and-a-half-year-old Siemens LifeBook, I initially ran into some trouble. I, therefore, thought I might share my findings here in case others are experiencing similar problems. My most important recommendation is for users of old notebooks to use text-based installation (from the alternate distribution) rather than the standard desktop Live CD.</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Loose Talk" />
            <category term="Web Development and Programming" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>I started the new year falling love with Ubuntu, the Linux distribution that I run on my new desktop computer. Ever since the beauty of the Ubuntu desktop unfolded in front of my eyes for the first time, I have kept enjoying this sense of control and logic that Linux brings to personal computing – so much so that I wanted to benefit from its advantages on my old Siemens LifeBook as well. I am now running Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) on my desktop PC and dual-booting Windows XP and Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) on my notebook.</p>
<p>Whereas on my fresh desktop PC installing Ubuntu from the live CD had been a piece of cake, on my three-and-a-half-year-old Siemens LifeBook, I initially ran into some trouble. I, therefore, thought I might share my findings here in case others are experiencing similar problems. My most important recommendation is for users of old notebooks to use text-based installation (from the <i>alternate</i> distribution) rather than the standard desktop Live CD.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<h3>The starting point: My notebook</h3>
<p>I am a very happy Fujitsu-Siemens customer. My LifeBook C1110 has proven itself to be resistant and reliable. Just to give you an idea of what it has gone through:</p>
<ul>
<li>I've carried it around with me nearly every day for more than three years, and it's been turned on almost every waking hour.</li>
<li>I once left it standing in the pouring rain for half an hour while plugged in and turned on. Result: Had to buy a new keyboard for 30 euros. Everything else worked as fine as before once it had dried (which took 3 days and a good hair-dryer, however).</li>
<li>I once spilled a full cup of coffee on it. Same as above. Had to get a new keyboard, that's it.</li>
<li>It once fell on the floor from a bit more than half a metre.  No damage at all.</li>
<li>Someone bumped into it breaking one of the folding screen hinges. Still works perfectly even if there's less resistance when moving the screen.</li>
</ul>
<p>That's what I call ruggedized.</p>
<p>As to the specs, they were not bad at the time considering the good price of just a bit more than 1000 EUR and the fact that it was one of the first affordable notebooks to have a very good wireless adapter built in:</p>
<ul>
<li>Intel Pentium M processor 1300MHz</li>
<li>256 MB RAM</li>
<li>40 GB hard drive</li>
</ul>
<p>Windows XP Professional had been pre-installed and I did not want to uninstall or re-install it.</p>
<p>Now that I am successfully dual-booting I can confirm that with the above specs both Win XP and Unbuntu Edgy Eft run reasonably fast.</p>
<h3>Text-based installation is not just for experts</h3>
<p>Regarding the different Live CDs, you'll read a lot about the standard desktop live CD that's supposed to automagically get everything working out of the box. Usually, tutorials would then mention that there's also the <i>alternate</i> distribution; however, it is supposedly of interest only to people who want to strongly customize their system or create their own distro.</p>
<p>However, with the Desktop distribution of first Dapper Drake and then Edgy Eft (how do they come up with those names?), I spent hours and hours: everything would take an eternity, sometimes the computer would hang even before the Gnome desktop came up, sometimes it would freeze after I double-clicked the install icon. It was extremely frustrating  – no error message whatsoever, just frozen screens at every attempt.</p>
<p>Eventually, I downloaded the image for the <i>alternate</i> distro of Edgy Eft and discovered that in fact, even for a total newbie, installing in text-mode from this distribution is as easy as installing from the live CD GUI. Obviously, you <i>could</i> customize much more, but you may just as well accept the defaults, and you won't have to take any more decisions than when installing from the Live CD GUI.</p> 
<h3>Re-partitioning</h3>
<p>I won't go into much detail regarding the installation process. Basically, I just followed <a href="http://users.bigpond.net.au/hermanzone/p3.htm" title="Dual-booting Windows and Ubuntu">this excellent tutorial</a> that was written for Dapper Drake but is equally valid for Edgy Eft. I chose to shrink my Windows/NFTS partition to 15GB, to assign 10 GB to the Ubuntu/ext3 partition and 500 MB to the swap area, making the rest (14.5GB) a FAT32 partition for easy read-write access from both operating systems. Things are working pretty well for me with this configuration. However, that's because I only use Windows when I have to, otherwise the 15GB would not be very much.</p>
<h3>Installing Ubuntu Edgy Eft</h3>
<p>As mentioned before, the subsequent installation process was straight-forward. It just took quite a long while (about 1 hour and 20 minutes from the moment I chose text mode installation to the moment when I first booted into Ubuntu from the hard drive). It's important not to panic when the installation process seems to hang for quite a while: When it was selecting and installing software, the progress bar suddenly stopped at 6%, the screen briefly went black and came back on just to hang for more than 10 minutes while the CD drive was apparently searching for something, making scary noises and getting so hot that you could literally fry an egg on it. But suddenly, while I was gloomily contemplating the agony of my beloved notebook and setting myself a deadline as to when I would give up and turn the machine off, the installation went on without any errors as though nothing had happened, and when I finally re-booted into Linux, everything worked fine.</p>
<h3>The bottom-line</h3>
<p>Summing it up:</p>
<ul>
<li>When having trouble installing from the desktop Live CD, just use text mode install.</li>
<li>During text-based installation, don't panic or turn off your computer when the screen appears to freeze for a very long time (like 15 minutes or so): the installation might still continue and be successful.</li>
<li>A lengthy and unresponsive installation procedure bears no indication as to how well Ubuntu will run on your machine once it's installed: On my notebook, it runs noticeably faster than Windows XP even though the installation process was very slow.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Ubuntu on my notebook: What works and what doesn't</h3>
<p>Generally speaking, all the hardware was detected and configured correctly out of the box, including the wireless adapter (I am using WEP, not WPA encryption – I've got a good and trustful relationship with my neighbours). The only issue was the touchpad that keeps being a bit funny (yes, this is a technical term): At start-up it acts as though the left mouse button was being held down and I have to press it once in order to make it understand this is not the case. Moreover, the scroll buttons don't work – the upper one behaves as though it were another mouse button and the lower one does not work at all. I actually managed to fix the first issue by fiddling around with <i>xorg.conf</i>, but then I kept playing around with it and managed to completely mess up X server. Since I had not made any backup, I had to revert to auto-detected settings. In any case, it looks fixable – for the time being, it's not a high priority, but when I have some time I might try and fix it.</p>
<p>To sum it up, I find Ubuntu a handy, easy-to-use and mature distribution for laptops, and even on an old notebook with limited resources, you should be able to easily dual-boot Windows and Ubuntu.</p>

]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/ubuntu" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="ubuntu">ubuntu</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/linux" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="linux">linux</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/windows" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="windows">windows</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/win+xp" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="win xp">win xp</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+windows+xp" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" windows xp"> windows xp</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+siemens" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" siemens"> siemens</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/fujitsu+siemens" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="fujitsu-siemens">fujitsu-siemens</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/notebook" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="notebook">notebook</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/lifebook" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="lifebook">lifebook</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/laptop" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="laptop">laptop</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/dual+boot" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="dual-boot">dual-boot</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/dual+booting" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="dual-booting">dual-booting</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/edgy+eft" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="edgy eft">edgy eft</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Regional Differences In Written German</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2007/01/regional_differences_in_writte.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=22" title="Regional Differences In Written German" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2007:/blog//1.22</id>
    
    <published>2007-01-19T13:04:52Z</published>
    <updated>2007-01-19T14:38:01Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Now that I am doing freelance translation again, I notice that a lot of clients get confused by my regional adaptation skills. But also there is a lot of confusion in the industry as to when it makes sense to adapt copy specifically for a Swiss or an Austrian target audience rather than just to use  a generic German version. Note that this post is about written German, not about spoken language.</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Language and Translation" />
            <category term="Localization and Internationalization" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        Now that I am doing freelance translation again, I notice that a lot of clients get confused by my regional adaptation skills. But also there is a lot of confusion in the industry as to when it makes sense to adapt copy specifically for a Swiss or an Austrian target audience rather than just to use  a generic German version. Note that this post is about written German, not about spoken language.
        <![CDATA[<h3>My personal background</h3><p>As to my personal skills, I do offer translation and copy-writing in standard German, Austrian German and Swiss German. This may sound odd, therefore, here are some explanations.</p>

<p>I was born into a Swiss family, so my first native language, so to speak, was a Swiss dialect. I also read a lot of Swiss newspapers and magazines, participate in Swiss politics and I am therefore familiar with standard German as written in Switzerland. 
As to Austria, it's the country where I grew up, went to school and spent most of my university studies. It's also where I currently live. Needless to say, I am immersed in Austrian German every day.</p>

<p>“German German” is a different story. I thought I was able to write in totally correct standard German after university – but it was only after having worked at SDL and having got a lot of useful feedback from my friendly supervisors and colleagues that I managed to entirely eliminate helvetisms and austriacisms from my writing. At SDL, I also contributed a style guide for Austrian and Swiss German – an interesting endeavour that helped me rationalize the actual differences in comparison to standard German.</p>

<p>I think my main advantage is that I am highly conscious of the slight differences between these three variants of standard German rather than just having a “gut feeling” for what's right.</p><h3>Is there something like “Austrian standard German” or “Swiss standard German” anyway?</h3><p>Yes, there is.</p>

<p>A lot of people, even in Austria or Switzerland, believe that there's dialect and there's standard German. But the truth is that written standard German is slightly different in each country. It's equally important to note that these variants of German are not just non-standard deviations from German as it is written in Germany, but they are standards in their own right. Quality newspapers such as the <i><a href="http://www.nzz.ch/" title="NZZ">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</a></i> or <i><a href="http://www.diepresse.com/" title="Die Presse">Die Presse</a></i> are good examples for correct standard German in its Swiss or respectively Austrian variants.</p><h3><i>Regional</i> does not equal <i>colloquial</i></h3><p>Also, it's important to point out the differences between <i>colloquial regionalisms</i> – which should be avoided in any case – and <i>regional standards</i>. The same goes for English, by the way, where there's a difference between specifically, say, American terms on one hand and slang on the other hand.</p>
<h3>Do Swiss or Austrians make worse German translators?</h3>
<p>On a side note, I have noticed that a few people have a flawed perception of non-German translators' ability to produce standard German output. They think that by employing a translator from Germany they are on the safe side with regards to inelegant regionalisms because they get it right instinctively. I cannot emphasize enough how wrong – and dangerous – this line of thought seems to me.</p>
<p>It's a dangerous view because it would imply that a speaker of standard German does not have to rationalize his or her output and consciously check it for non-standard expressions. However, as in any language, writing in clean and impeccable style requires knowledge and skill. German regions have their own regional and colloquial expressions, and I have seen non-standard expressions in translations produced by Germans as well. The most dangerous attitude for a copy writer or translator to have is to lull oneself into believing that one gets it right instinctively.</p>
<h3>What does it take to adapt copy specifically for Austria or Switzerland</h3>
<p>The preliminary question to ask is, of course, whether you want to adapt your copy to each German-speaking country anyway. In most cases, it does not make sense, but in some fields – marketing, legal texts to cite but two – it is crucial. I shall write about this issue in further detail in a future post.</p>
<p>However, once you have decided to go for it, it is usually a bad idea just to tell your German translators to produce local versions. This happens sometimes, but it's a waste of money – they would simply change the spelling for Switzerland replacing <i>ß</i> with <i>ss</i> and probably change a few terms (e.g. <i>die E-Mail</i> >> <i>das E-Mail</i>). However, an Austrian or Swiss copy writer would also spot possibilities for stylistic changes and, most importantly, since this is one of the primary benefits of having country-specific versions, cultural references that have to be adapted. If you believe that this isn't necessary, why produce country-specific versions at all?</p>
<p>This yields the question what to take into account when deciding whether it would make sense to have country-specific versions of a given text and when it wouldn't . More on this in one of my next posts.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/German" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="German">German</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Austrian+German" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Austrian German">Austrian German</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Swiss+German" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/regional" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="regional">regional</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/austriacisms" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="austriacisms">austriacisms</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/helvetisms" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="helvetisms">helvetisms</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/translation" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="translation">translation</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/translator" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="translator">translator</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/writing" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="writing">writing</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>GoogleOS: What Not To Expect (or: Why Cars Don&apos;t Look Like Horse Carriages)</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2006/11/googleos_what_not_to_expect.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=20" title="GoogleOS: What Not To Expect (or: Why Cars Don't Look Like Horse Carriages)" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2006:/blog//1.20</id>
    
    <published>2006-11-22T23:35:20Z</published>
    <updated>2007-02-15T20:19:09Z</updated>
    
    <summary>There has been quite some discussion going on over at my favourite blog Read/Write Web following Emre Sokullu&apos;s article GoogleOS: What to expect. I believe that, regardless of the much criticized misapprehension of the Ubuntu licence, Emre&apos;s post is quite representative of a line of thought that has lead to a lot of speculation among the web-savy for the last...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Web Development and Programming" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>There has been quite some discussion going on over at my favourite blog Read/Write Web following Emre Sokullu's article <a href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/googleos_what_to_expect.php" title="GoogleOS: What to expect">GoogleOS: What to expect</a>. I believe that, regardless of the much criticized misapprehension of the Ubuntu licence, Emre's post is quite representative of a line of thought that has lead to a lot of speculation among the web-savy for the last year or so. In this post, I would like briefly to summarize this line of thought and outline why I do not entirely agree with its basic premises. Disclaimer: This is going to be more of an essay than a short blog post.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<h3>The convergence of the Desktop and the Internet</h3>
<p>Think back a few years: Back then, it was quite clear to the average computer user what one did on one's own computer (creating or editing content, using applications, etc.) and what one did on the Internet (researching information, downloading or publishing content, etc.). As time went by, the line between desktop activities and Internet activities became more and more blurred. If you look at the average computer user today, can he or she tell whether an application is using the resources (storage and computing power) of his or her own computer or whether it's calling a web service? If he or she has got a new task to confront – such as keeping up to date with a couple of information sources via RSS –, is it clear whether to resort to Desktop applications or Internet applications? As you can see, the convergence of the Desktop and the Internet has been happening all along, bit by bit, in our everyday lives without most people even noticing.</p>
<h3>The evolution of the Google-Microsoft antagonism</h3>
<p>Back in the days when it there was a clear line between what the Desktop is for and what the Internet is for, Google and Microsoft did not really need to care about each other. Microsoft was the king of the Desktop where the main challenge is to have an umbrella for all the basic tasks that a desktop computer has to perform: connecting to peripherals, managing different applications, connecting to the network, commonly referred to as an operating system. Google was the (emerging) king of the Internet where the main challenge is to structure and organize the wealth of information held by the World Wide Web, commonly referred to as search. There was not much overlap between these two worlds.</p>
<p>People often argue that Google and Microsoft are heading for a faceoff simply because they are the two most powerful players in the field. However, just as importantly, the convergence and merging of their realms described above is forcing them into confrontation.</p>
<h3>In how far is Vista a reaction to the threat posed by Google?</h3>
<p>It is often heard that some aspects of the new Windows Vista, with its closer integration with the web, are either a direct challenge to Google or an answer to the threat posed by it to Microsoft. In fact, with desktop search (Google Desktop) and online Office applications (gmail, Google Docs aka Writley and Spreadsheets), Google has already started intruding into Microsoft's world. Clearly, with Vista, Microsoft is threatening Google directly by pushing MSN and Windows Live as alternatives to Google's search and personalized homepage.</p>
<h3>The “GoogleOS” line of thought</h3>
<p>A lot of people speculate that Google will strike back not only by positioning its Web Office applications as direct competitors to MS Office, but also by releasing either a WebOS or by partnering with a competing Desktop OS. It seems logical, but I think these people are missing one important point – apart from some technical limitations: This is how Microsoft would react if it were Google. I believe Google has a different philosophy and will, therefore, act differently – or <span class="italics">should</span> act differently lest it forget its roots and the sort of culture that has made it strong.</p>
<p>Before, allow me a brief digression to the idea of the WebOS.</p>
<h3>The Web OS is coming…</h3>
<p>The idea of a Web OS has been around for some time now and means roughly that as more and more desktop applications move to, or are replicated on, the Internet, the desktop itself with its look and feel will end up being replicated on the Internet. There are quite a few contenders, most of them start-ups, that have already staked their claim to this domain. Since with the more and more wide-spread adoption of web services, it becomes easier to integrate web applications and use them concurrently from one page, this is actually a promising field. At the same time, core OS tasks such as storage (Amazon S3, GDrive) and computing power (grid computing) are already moving from the local machine to the web. With the increasing importance of mobile devices, it is also important to note that, as an advantage compared to traditional operating systems, such solutions are fairly device-independent.</p>
<p>Therefore, some argue that in the future, the only role of the local system will be to connect to the Internet, open a browser and otherwise limit itself to the most basic functions. In a way, it will be like going back to the time of light-weight terminals connected to a mainframe, but in a new way.</p>
<h3>…or is it?</h3>
<p>Others say that this won't happen because far too many uses of a traditional OS make more sense on the actual machine. According to them, the convergence will happen rather in the form of a closer integration of locally installed operating systems with the Web than them being replaced by webified operating systems in most of their core functions.</p>
<p>I find both of these predictions interesting, but they miss one point: When the first cars were produced, they had a striking resemblance with horse carriages. Carriages were what people knew, and therefore, the “look-and-feel” of the first cars was modelled on them. However, as we know, cars proved to be more than just motor-powered horse carriages, and they soon developed their own, new, unique look and feel.</p>
<p>Likewise, I doubt that the new era of computing will be dominated by either a Ajax-powered rich browser experience or by a more connective desktop. I believe something new will evolve that we cannot imagine yet.</p>
<h3>Back to Google</h3>
<p>However, let's return to our main topic: Will Google, as many expect, react to Windows Vista by either releasing its own operating system or by turning its Personalized Homepage into a fully fledged web OS? I believe it should not (and will not because they are smart). Messrs Brin and Page should rather look at, and bet on, the sort of culture that has made them strong at the start.</p>
<h3>The Google Culture: Focus</h3>
<p>In a video, Marissa Mayer once related quite a telling story: Apparently, in the very beginning, Larry Page and Sergey Brin did not plan to start a company. They just wanted to sell their search technology. Their selling point was basically that they had devised a search technology that was 20% better than what had been existing so far. Nobody was interested – your technology may well be 20% better, they were told, but ours is good enough; nobody needs better search. All they could do was starting their own company.</p>
<p>As history shows, this 20% was quite relevant to users. Without much marketing, Google increased its market share more and more by mere word-of-mouth. Their success is built on doing one thing, and doing it really well, so well that people would switch to their technology even in the absence of any kind of marketing strategy.</p>
<p>I believe this also explains why a lot of people, including me, are quite sympathetic of Google: their success is built on substance rather than strategy. Obviously, as in every fairly large corporation, strategy came into play as time went by (their alliance with Firefox or the YouTube acquisition which was as much the acquisition of a faithful community as the one of a product). But more importantly, it is built on the ability to focus on one broad, but clear mission: organizing the world's information and making it quickly accessible to everyone.</p>
<p>Lately, it may not seem too obvious, but once you think about it, you realize that Office documents, spreadsheets and presentations as well as video are merely means of accessing, editing and publishing information. Think about Google Print or their efforts in machine translation. The common denominator remains one well defined goal: Organizing information to make it easy to access.</p>
<h3>The Microsoft Culture: Breadth</h3>
<p>Microsoft's merit, in comparison, is to have brought a lot of different things to desktop computing, by doing a lot of different things well enough. Their strength is exactly the opposite of Google's strength: covering everything, rather than excelling at one thing. It would be hard to sum their mission up as concisely as Google's.</p>
<h3>Web 2.0 is different</h3>
<p>What some people miss in my opinion is that the world of online computing is fundamentally different from the world of desktop computing. And I believe it favours Google's approach.</p>
<p>On the desktop computer, you bought and installed a product and usually it was only when you had to upgrade anyway that you considered switching to another product. The consumer took one purchase decision and the cost of reconsidering that decision was relatively high. With online applications, you subscribe to a product and whenever something better comes up, you can decide to switch in a matter of days. As can be seen from a lot of blogs and forum posts, users are very conscious about data portability; therefore, if you try to lock them into your product, you won't even take off. Furthermore, it will be easier to combine several heterogeneous solutions. Thanks to this increased user mobility, any product which is just good enough, but not excellent is under threat to a much higher degree than previously, and offering a little bit of everything in a convenient package does not work that well any more. We won't need to concentrate the solutions to our basic personal computing requirements such as desktop interface, storage, file management, computing power, publishing solutions, networking capabilities, etc. in one hand.</p>
<p>As a result, I am convinced that <span style="italic">Google won't be the Microsoft of a new era of computing because the new era of computing will not have its Microsoft</span>. Google may well be the most important player, but it could never be as threatening to small players as Microsoft was on the desktop. I think reacting to Vista “the Microsoft way” would be a huge mistake for Google.</p>
<h3>How Google should stay true to its roots.</h3>
<p>I am quite a happy Google user. I have my personalized homepage and also use some of the rather new products such as Docs and Spreadsheets. Especially, as a linguist, I really love some Labs projects such as Google Sets. In addition, I am planning on writing some small tools for myself that will probably call the Google API which seems fairly simple. What would I do if an operating system were too insistent in its trying to discourage me from using these services? Simple: I would not use it.</p>
<p>I might not be the typical computer user, yet, as Google has proven at its very inception, users are often smarter than a lot of people think. Yes, in spite of all the shiny Altavista and Yahoo! ads, they noticed that Google's search was better at quickly retrieving the information they were looking for and so they used Google. Once again, if Google proves the wild WebOS speculations wrong and keeps focussing on its core strength – search, including local and mobile search as well as book search, as well as organizing and structuring information in all imaginable forms, including Office documents, –, then there will be no need to release any Google-friendly or Google-branded operating system since people will keep using Google whatever their OS tries to suggest to them. On the contrary, if Google were to allow itself to be distracted by the pursuit of some anti-Microsoft GoogleOS for some tactical reasons, thereby dispersing its energies, it would risk far more than it could win. It is up to Google, once again, to prove that quality can win over strategy.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/google" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="google">google</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/microsoft" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="microsoft">microsoft</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/googleos" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="googleos">googleos</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/webos" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="webos">webos</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/web+os" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="web os">web os</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/web+2+0" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="web 2.0">web 2.0</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/web+desktop" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="web desktop">web desktop</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The Huge CSV Internationalization Mess-up</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2006/11/the_huge_csv_internationalizat.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=18" title="The Huge CSV Internationalization Mess-up" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2006:/blog//1.18</id>
    
    <published>2006-11-18T14:03:06Z</published>
    <updated>2007-03-09T19:40:17Z</updated>
    
    <summary>So-called “localization professionals” like to point out how complex and difficult internationalization and localization is. I&apos;ll let you into a secret: it isn&apos;t. It&apos;s actually quite easy once you&apos;ve got around a couple of basic concepts. There are only two mistakes that can make internationalization and localization a real burden: when you think too much about it and when you...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Localization and Internationalization" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>So-called “localization professionals” like to point out how complex and difficult internationalization and localization is. I'll let you into a secret: it isn't. It's actually quite easy once you've got around a couple of basic concepts. There are only two mistakes that can make internationalization and localization a real burden: when you think too much about it and when you think too little about it.</p>
<p>Paradoxically, the comma-delimited file format csv, originally devised by Microsoft, is a typical example for both of these errors, at least in its variety as output by Microsoft Office and a lot of third party applications.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<h3>MS Office is over-localized</h3>

<p>It can be argued that the Office, especially Excel, interface is way over-localized. To give you an example, formulas in Excel use locale-specific keywords. I guess it's supposed to make our lives easier, but it doesn't. Say you work abroad, but you brought your own notebook with you – you'll always have to remember what machine you're working on and to what locale it is set. Even worse, when you look up information on the Internet, you cannot use, say, an English tutorial or forum post, but you'll have to find the equivalent in your language.</p>

<p>The lesson is: you should not localize everything. It's for a reason that scientific symbols or programming languages are international and it was actually a huge step forward to stop using local units of measurements and to switch to international ones. Sometimes it seems to me that with all the localization and internationalization frenzy going on in a lot of corporations, we are going back to the time when you couldn't be sure that a pound of grain was still the same amount in the next village.</p>

<h3>But luckily it's just the interface…</h3>

<p>One thing they got right in MS Office, however, is abstraction from the interface. There is the concept of the decimal point – and if you open the thing in America, it's a point, if you open it in France it's a comma. There's the concept of a date, and you can display it in different formats for different locales. That's good design…</p>

<h3>…except if you export to csv…</h3>

<p>Great. So when we save a spreadsheet as csv, the numbers are certainly saved in some internationally compatible format? Wrong. All those locale-specific decimal points and so on are <span class="italic">hard-coded</span>. Yes, <span class="italic">hard-coded</span>. At some point, they must have discovered that, oh, that's a problem because a lot of languages use a comma as a decimal delimiter. Of course, we can enclose a string in double-quotes to prevent the commas it may contain from being treated as delimiters, but do we want to enclose each and single number in double-quotes? No…</p>

<h3>…so they made the delimiter locale-dependent</h3>

<p>At some point in every totally flawed endeavour there is a moment of hesitation at which people have to decide whether either to recognize that their entire strategy is completely misguided or to decide blindly to follow it through down to its most absurd and horrible consequences. With csv, they chose the second path. When I create a csv with my German Office, I get semicolons as delimiters. It's the same with a French Office.</p>

<h3>Wait, what was the purpose of csv again?</h3>

<p>The traditional purpose of text-based formats is to</p>
<ul>
<li>Exchange information between applications on the same machine</li>
<li>Exchange information between applications on different machines</li>
</ul>
<p>It can be argued that with the growing importance of the network, the second purpose is far more important than the first one. However, by its locale-specific nature, csv is totally inapt to be used for it.</p>

<h3>A locale-specific file format?</h3>

<p>Therefore, csv is actually a locale specific file format. How crazy is that? Imagine if the characters that enclose a tag in XML were locale-specific!</p>
<p>Then, it has its own concept of escaping (which is far more complex than traditional escaping where you escape characters that have special meanings with a backslash). If a cell contains the (locale-specific!) delimiter, it is enclosed in double-quotes. If a cell contains a double-quote, it is enclosed in double-quotes and the literal double-quote is doubled ("Hi", he said. becomes """Hi"", he said.","" becomes """""").</p>
<p>What were they thinking?!</p>

<h3>Summing it up</h3>
<p>This goes to show how at first they thought too much about localization: In an attempt to be overly locale-conscious, they even made the csv format locale-dependent. At the same time, they thought too little about it in that they failed to see that a file format should be universal, even more so if it has been devised to facilitate <span style="italic">exchanging information</span>.</p>





]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/csv" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="csv">csv</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/localization" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="localization">localization</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/internationalization" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="internationalization">internationalization</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Microsoft" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Excel" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Excel">Excel</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/MS+Office" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="MS Office">MS Office</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>“Am Ende des Tages” is an anglicism</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2006/11/am_ende_des_tages_is_an_anglic.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=17" title="“Am Ende des Tages” is an anglicism" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2006:/blog//1.17</id>
    
    <published>2006-11-14T23:52:01Z</published>
    <updated>2006-11-14T23:42:07Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Time and again, I keep hearing the Austrian Minister of Finance say that “am Ende des Tages” the taxpayer will have to pay the bill for all those nice presents that all political parties like to announce these days. While I appreciate that he seems to be the only Austrian politician to acknowledge this fact, apparently he has fallen in...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Language and Translation" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>Time and again, I keep hearing the Austrian Minister of Finance say that “am Ende des Tages” the taxpayer will have to pay the bill for all those nice presents that all political parties like to announce these days. While I appreciate that he seems to be the only Austrian politician to acknowledge this fact, apparently he has fallen in love with a anglicism whose entry into the German language is quite recent, I believe, but that is about to become as wide-spread as the omnipresent “Das macht keinen Sinn” (instead of the idiomatically correct “Das <span class="italics">hat/ergibt</span> keinen Sinn” or “Das ist nicht sinnvoll”) or the annoying “Er hat einen guten Job gemacht” (instead of the correct “Er hat seine Sache gut gemacht”).</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<p>Until two or three years ago, “am Ende des Tages” meant one thing in German: at the end of the day as in “in the evening”, <span class="italics">not</span> in the sense of “as the ultimate outcome of something”. Even with the former meaning, it sounded a bit weird. The German equivalent of the idiomatic use  of “at the end of the day” is “letzten Endes”, “im Endeffekt” or “letztendlich”; no need to borrow from English. </p>

<p>Appears as though <a href="http://66.46.185.79/bdl/gabarit_bdl.asp?Th=3&amp;id=2614" title="Banque de dépannage linguistique">French has also been influenced by this English expression</a>, at least in Canada:<br />
<blockquote><p>L’emploi de l’expression à la fin de la journée pour signifier « au bout du compte, en fin de compte, en somme, finalement » est un calque de l’anglais <span class="italics">at the end of the day</span>. En effet, ce sens figuré n’existe pas en français.</p></blockquote>Even in Italian, I have come across “alla fine della giornata” instead of “in ultima analisi” or “alla fine dei conti”.</p>

<p>I am not a purist, and I think that influences from other languages are truly enriching when they help us express something more concisely or more precisely. But since all of these languages already had a couple of perfectly simple and concise idioms to convey the meaning of “at the end of the day”, I'd really like to know what's so great about this expression.<br />
</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/anglicism" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="anglicism">anglicism</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/German" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="German">German</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/Italian" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="Italian">Italian</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/French" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="French">French</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/am+Ende+des+Tages" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="am Ende des Tages">am Ende des Tages</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/translation" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="translation">translation</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/language" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="language">language</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The Nicaraguan Sign Language</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2006/11/the_nicaraguan_sign_language.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=12" title="The Nicaraguan Sign Language" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2006:/blog//1.12</id>
    
    <published>2006-11-03T12:30:22Z</published>
    <updated>2006-11-03T15:26:10Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Today&apos;s article on the popular “Damn Interesting” blog – nomen est omen – by Marisa Brook is about a phenomenon that is of particular interest to linguists. Marisa writes about the spontaneous creation of a highly complex sign language by deaf, illiterate children without any appropriate training in Nicaragua. To learn more about this exciting story, you may want to...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Language and Translation" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>Today's <a href="http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=708" title="Damn Interesting">article on the popular “Damn Interesting” blog</a> – nomen est omen – by <a href="http://www.damninteresting.com/?page_id=531" title="Marisa Brook">Marisa Brook</a> is about a phenomenon that is of particular interest to linguists. Marisa writes about the spontaneous creation of a highly complex sign language by deaf, illiterate children without any appropriate training in Nicaragua. To learn more about this exciting story, you may want to read Marisa's article.</p>

<p>What I found most interesting was one particular aspect:</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<blockquote>The younger speakers of ISN included many more subtleties - for example, verb agreement, in which the number, gender, and/or location of the subject(s) is indicated with verb inflection.</blockquote>

<p>I keep being intrigued by the fact that sign languages share so many grammatical phenomena with spoken language. More importantly, I see this as another piece of evidence that feeling and logic – or in linguistics, grammatical complexity and simplicity – are not antipodes. In language teaching, I am often appalled by grammar books that try to “simplify” grammatical concepts to make them easier to grasp for children or teenagers. As an avid admirer  of the Latin language, I also abhor the often-heard statement that you “have to look at Latin like maths; you cannot feel it, you have to construct and de-construct it”. In my opinion, that's even the wrong approach to maths, for that matter; as always, true understanding stems from a convergence of mind and soul.</p>

<p>The story of the Nicaraguan Sign Language goes to show that linguistic and logical complexity is not some kind of overly complicated luxury that is reserved to rationally thinking adults. On the contrary, strategies such as inflection or seemingly “complex” syntactical constructions are incredibly efficient means of condensing information and expressing it with a minimal number of words and rules. At the end of the day, it's a trade-off between storage and computing power in the human brain, and we appear to have an innate urge to save on storage when developping our linguistic means of expression.</p>

<p>This could also be an interesting starting point to a discussion about programming languages, but that would probably take us too far afield…</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/language" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="language">language</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/ISN" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="ISN">ISN</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/nicaraguan+sign+language" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="nicaraguan sign language">nicaraguan sign language</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/latin" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="latin">latin</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/grammar" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="grammar">grammar</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/sign+language" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="sign language">sign language</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Lost In Translation: You Bet!</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://christianflury.com/blog/2006/09/lost_in_translation_you_bet.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://christianflury.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=6" title="Lost In Translation: You Bet!" />
    <id>tag:christianflury.com,2006:/blog//1.6</id>
    
    <published>2006-09-16T22:13:02Z</published>
    <updated>2006-09-17T23:50:23Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Back in Vienna after having spent two years in the UK, I have not experienced a serious culture shock yet – until last night, that is. It caught me unprepared. Watching “Lost In Translation”, I kept asking myself how I could ever bear watching dubbed films on TV before my stay in England. I am not used to it any...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>Chris</name>
        <uri>http://christianflury.com</uri>
    </author>
            <category term="Language and Translation" />
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://christianflury.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<p>Back in Vienna after having spent two years in the UK, I have not experienced a serious culture shock yet – until last night, that is. It caught me unprepared. Watching “Lost In Translation”, I kept asking myself how I could ever bear watching dubbed films on TV before my stay in England. I am not used to it any more, it just does not sound right. Blame the war in Iraq, Guantánamo, or whatever you want for all that stupid anti-americanism in Europe, I blame badly dubbed American films.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<p>Scarlett Johansson sounds a bit stupid, Bill Murray talks like an idiot, and then – I know the translators also have to worry about things such as lip sync and so on, but still, “Do you drink? –  As soon as I am outta here." &rarr; “Trinken Sie? – Nur nach der Arbeit.” – you have to change the meaning, okay. But do you really have to make it that dull?</p>

<p>As far as I know, the Italians are the best dubbers in the world – professional dubbers also have more public visibility, they are perceived as artist rather than mere professionals, at least this is the impression I got during my stay in Italy as an exchange student. Some films actually get better in the Italian version. But in German – don't get me wrong, it usually sounds professional, very professional, extremely professional, far too professional. It's always got that “I am a professional voice talent from Northern Germany” factor, and to me it just sounds – dubbed. We should have this Italian kind of proper dubbing culture, or at least TV stations that are decent enough to offer two language channels (only very few channels do that even though, technically, it should be easy).</p>

<p><img src="http://christianflury.com/images/blog/scarlett.png" alt="Scarlett Johansson" title="Scarlett Johansson" style="float:left;margin:5px 15px 5px 0px;" />I have a great deal of respect for the voice talents and the translators involved in dubbing “Lost In Translation”. It's not baldy dubbed at all. What I take issue with is the entire philosophy of dubbing in the German-speaking world. It appears that great emphasis is placed on technical professionalism, especially on lip-synch, with less attention paid to artistic expression. Thus, the German version of “Lost In Translation”, a film that I quite enjoyed at the time when I watched the English version at the cinema, was literally lost in translation. In my opinion, this is a film that takes much of its drive and originality from the fantastic and subtle acting of the two main protagonists which makes dubbing particularly crucial.</p>

<p>That being said, even if boringly dubbed, Scarlett Johansson is still Scarlett Johansson.</p>]]>
        <![CDATA[<a href="http://technorati.com/tag/dubbing" rel="tag" class="technorati" title="dubbing">dubbing</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+lip+synch" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" lip-synch"> lip-synch</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+translation" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" translation"> translation</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+film" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" film"> film</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+Lost+In+Translation" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" Lost In Translation"> Lost In Translation</a> <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/+Scarlett+Johansson" rel="tag" class="technorati" title=" Scarlett Johansson"> Scarlett Johansson</a>]]>
    </content>
</entry>

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